Excerpt from Numbers Universalized, Vol. 2: An Advanced Algebra The aim of the author in preparing this part of his work has not been so much to give completeness to the various subjects treated as to lead the student to a comprehension of the fundamentals of a wider range of subjects, and to cultivate in him a taste for mathematical investigation. It is believed that the plan adopted will give the general student a broader and more practical knowledge of algebra, and will lead to better results in a preparatory course of study for the university than would a completer treatment of fewer subjects requiring an equal amount Of space in their development and more time in their mastery. While a sufficient number of examples have been placed under each head to Offer opportunity for the application of the principles and laws developed, there will not be found an unnecessary multiplicity of them to retard the progress of the pupil in his onward course. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Numbers Are One Of Two Creations (The Other Being The Alphabet) Of The Human Spirit Which Have Given Us Today S World. The Three Volumes Of The Universal History Of Numbers Are Probably The First Comprehensive History Of Numbers And Of Counting From Prehistory To The Modern Age. They Are Also The Story Of How The Human Race Has Learnt To Think Logically. In Volume 2, Georges Ifrah Continues The Story Of The Invention Of The Modern Number-System By Telling Us How Indian Civilization Became The Cradle Of Modern Numerals With The Invention Of The Place Value System And Of Zero. Twenty-One Geographically Different Indian Numerical Notations Of The Nine Numerals And The Zero Are Explained Individually With Illustrations. A Detailed Dictionary Of Indian Numerical Symbols, Recorded Alphabetically, Gives The Reader A Better Idea Of The Subtle And Complicated World Of Numbers Which Derived From The Genius Of Indian Mathematicians Working In The Late Middle Ages. It Was Arab Scholars Who Brought The System To The West. If Western Mathematical Progress Today Looks Dazzling, It Is Because It Stands On A Solid Non-Western Foundation. Amazing, Captivating And Enriching, The Universal History Of Numbers Is A Must Read Not Only For Specialists And Academics, But Also For The Average Reader Who Is Interested In The Development Of Civilization.

This second volume of a collection of papers offers new perspectives and challenges in the study of logic. It is presented in honor of the fiftieth birthday of Jean-Yves Béziau. The papers touch upon a wide range of topics including paraconsistent logic, quantum logic, geometry of oppositions, categorical logic, computational logic, fundamental logic notions (identity, rule, quantification) and history of logic (Leibniz, Peirce, Hilbert). The volume gathers personal recollections about Jean-Yves Béziau and an autobiography, followed by 25 papers written by internationally distinguished logicians, mathematicians, computer scientists, linguists and philosophers, including Irving Anellis, Dov Gabbay, Ivor Grattan-Guinness, Istvan Németi, Henri Prade. These essays will be of interest to all students and researchers interested in the nature and future of logic.

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