LE BUT DE CETTE THESE EST DE PREPARER DE NOUVEAUX MATERIAUX CARBONES COMME SUPPORTS DE LA CHIMIE COMBINATOIRE. EN EFFET, LES RESINES DE POLYMERE GENERALEMENT EMPLOYEES NE SONT PAS SANS POSER DE PROBLEMES, NOTAMMENT AU NIVEAU DE LEUR STABILITE ET DE L'ACCESSIBILITE DES SITES REACTIONNELS. POUR CE FAIRE, DES SURFACES DE CARBONE SONT MODIFIEES ELECTROCHIMIQUEMENT PAR FORMATION D'UNE LIAISON COVALENTE AVEC UN GROUPE AROMATIQUE. UNE ETUDE PRELIMINAIRE DE DIFFERENTS MATERIAUX CARBONES A PERMIS DE SELECTIONNER LE FEUTRE DE CARBONE ACTITEX-FC 1501. LA VALEUR ELEVEE DE SA SURFACE SPECIFIQUE EGALE A 1500 M 2.G 1 ET SA MORPHOLOGIE QUI FACILITE LES CONTACTS ELECTRIQUES SONT NECESSAIRES A L'OBTENTION D'UN SUPPORT FONCTIONNALISE CONVENABLEMENT PAR GREFFAGE ELECTROCHIMIQUE. DE PLUS, SA COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE, DETERMINEE PAR PLUSIEURS METHODES ANALYTIQUES, NE REVELE PAS DE POLLUTION PARTICULIERE DES ECHANTILLONS. DEUX HOMOLOGUES CARBONES DE LA RESINE DE MERRIFIELD ONT ETE OBTENUS DANS UNE CELLULE A ELECTRODE POREUSE PERCOLANTE PAR MODIFICATION ELECTROCHIMIQUE DU FEUTRE, EN REDUISANT LE TETRAFLUOROBORATE DE 4-CHLOROMETHYLBENZENE DIAZONIUM ET EN OXYDANT LE 4-BROMOMETHYLPHENYLACETATE DE TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM. LES CHARGES MASSIQUES OBTENUES, DE VALEURS RESPECTIVES 1.73 ET 0.88 MMOL.G 1, LES RENDENT COMPETITIFS DANS LE DOMAINE DE LA CHIMIE COMBINATOIRE. IL A ETE MONTRE QUE LA CHIMIE SUR SUPPORT SOLIDE ETAIT POSSIBLE A PARTIR DE CES DEUX HOMOLOGUES DE LA RESINE DE MERRIFIELD, DANS DES CONDITIONS EXPERIMENTALES PLUS DRASTIQUES ET DES TEMPS REACTIONNELS PLUS LONGS QUE POUR LA CHIMIE ORGANIQUE CLASSIQUE. UN RENDEMENT DE 100% A ETE OBTENU POUR LA SUBSTITUTION NUCLEOPHILE DE L'HALOGENE PAR LE 4-BROMOBENZENE THIOL DANS L'ACETONITRILE EN PRESENCE DE TRIETHYLAMINE. UN CLIVAGE ELECTROCHIMIQUE DE LA MOLECULE SOUS FORME DE DISULFURE A ETE REALISE, UTILISANT AINSI LES AVANTAGES OFFERTS PAR LE CARACTERE CONDUCTEUR DU CARBONE. UN RENDEMENT DE 90% A ETE ATTEINT APRES 1 HEURE D'ELECTROLYSE AU POTENTIEL E = 2.30 V : AG/AGCL. D'AUTRES REACTIONS ONT ETE ETUDIEES, DONT LES CONDITIONS EXPERIMENTALES RESTENT A ETRE AMELIOREES, COMME LA REACTION DE COUPLAGE DE SUZUKI. LE SUIVI DES MODIFICATIONS SURFACIQUES DU FEUTRE DE CARBONE A ETE EFFECTUE PAR MICROANALYSE ELEMENTAIRE, SPECTROSCOPIE INFRA-ROUGE, RMN 1H A ANGLE MAGIQUE, SPECTROSCOPIE XPS, ET MICROSCOPIE ELECTRONIQUE A BALAYAGE COUPLEE A L'ANALYSE EDS. L'ENSEMBLE DE CES METHODES CONFIRMENT BIEN LE CARACTERE COVALENT DU GREFFAGE.

LES MATERIAUX CARBONES SONT LARGEMENT UTILISES EN CHIMIE FINE, COMME SUPPORTS DE PHASES METALLIQUES ACTIVES EN CATALYSE. LA DECOUVERTE DE NOUVEAUX COMPOSES MOLECULAIRES DU CARBONE: FULLERENES ET NANOTUBES DE CARBONE, A MOTIVE NOTRE ETUDE DE LEUR POTENTIEL D'APPLICATION COMME SUPPORTS DE METAUX PRECIEUX. DES MATERIAUX CATALYTIQUES ORIGINAUX, A BASE DE FULLERENE 60 GREFFE OU DE NANOTUBES MONO-FEUILLETS OU MULTI-FEUILLETS, ONT ETE ELABORES ET CARACTERISES. L'ETUDE DE LEURS PROPRIETES CATALYTIQUES, DANS LE CAS DE LA REACTION D'HYDROGENATION DU CINNAMALDEHYDE A MONTRE UN COMPORTEMENT DIFFERENT DES CATALYSEURS CLASSIQUES COMPARABLES, AVEC EN PARTICULIER, DE MEILLEURES SELECTIVITES EN ALCOOL CINNAMIQUE

Repackaged with a new afterword, this "valuable and entertaining" (New York Times Book Review) book explores how scientists are adapting nature's best ideas to solve tough 21st century problems. Biomimicry is rapidly transforming life on earth. Biomimics study nature's most successful ideas over the past 3.5 million years, and adapt them for human use. The results are revolutionizing how materials are invented and how we compute, heal ourselves, repair the environment, and feed the world. Janine Benyus takes readers into the lab and in the field with maverick thinkers as they: discover miracle drugs by watching what chimps eat when they're sick; learn how to create by watching spiders weave fibers; harness energy by examining how a leaf converts sunlight into fuel in trillionths of a second; and many more examples. Composed of stories of vision and invention, personalities and pipe dreams, Biomimicry is must reading for anyone interested in the shape of our future.

What do you associate with chemistry? Explosions, innovative materials, plastics, pollution? The public's confused and contradictory conception of chemistry as basic science, industrial producer and polluter contributes to what we present in this book as chemistry's image as an impure science. Historically, chemistry has always been viewed as impure both in terms of its academic status and its role in transforming modern society. While exploring the history of this science we argue for a characteristic philosophical approach that distinguishes chemistry from physics. This reflection leads us to a philosophical stance that we characterise as operational realism. In this new expanded edition we delve deeper into the questions of properties and potentials that are so important for this philosophy that is based on the manipulation of matter rather than the construction of theories./a

Food chemistry is the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods. The biological substances include such items as meat, poultry, lettuce, beer, and milk as examples. It is similar to biochemistry in its main components such as carbohydrates, lipids, and protein, but it also includes areas such as water, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, food additives, flavours, and colours. This discipline also encompasses how products change under certain food processing techniques and ways either to enhance or to prevent them from happening. An example of enhancing a process would be to encourage fermentation of dairy products with lactic acid; an example of a preventing process would be stopping the Maillard reaction on the surface of freshly cut Red Delicious apples whether by hand or mechanical methods. This book presents the recent research from around the world in this field.

This book represents a collection of papers from one of the founders of the new Philosophy of Chemistry. It is only the second single-author collection of papers on the Philosophy of Chemistry.The author is the editor-in-chief of Foundations of Chemistry, the leading journal in the field. He has recently gained worldwide success with his book on the periodic table of the elements titled The Periodic Table: Its Story and Its Significance. This volume provides an in-depth examination of his more philosophical and historical work in this area and further afield.