Nonaqueous Electrolytes Handbook, Volume I, is an authoritative and updated information source for nonaqueous solvent systems. The information in this handbook covers the literature to 1972 and includes data for some 210 solvents. The book has been organized into eight well-defined areas: Physical Properties o f Solvents, Solvent Purification, Electrical Conductance, Diffusion, Density, Viscosity, Transference Numbers, and Additional References and Data Sources. The latter section covers additional data sources and reviews not adequately described in the preceding sections; recent data and references are also found in this section. The method of presentation of material is briefly described in the introduction to each section to facilitate the use of the tabulated information. Bibliographies are given at the end of each section. A Compound Index is included. Electrical conductance is the property most widely investigated. In view of the wealth of data, this section has been organized by solutes as follows: acids and alkali metal compounds, including ammonium compounds; quaternary ammonium salts and amines; solvent systems, electrolyte systems, and finally, all other solutes. For each, the data are reported not only for single component nonaqueous solvents but also for mixed solvents.

The electrolyte plays a vital role for the performance of rechargeable lithium batteries with a Li metal anode as well as Li-ion batteries. A better understanding of the elementary processes involved in the formation of the electrolyte/electrode interface and charge transfer kinetics in relation to solvent, salt, additive, and electrode material is crucial to the further optimization of Li and Li-ion batteries. This issue will focus on both the fundamental and applied aspects of the electrolyte for Li and Li-ion batteries. Topics include theoretical and experimental studies of structure/property relationships of electrolytes; development of new salts, solvents and additives; development of electrolytes for 5 V Li and Li-ion batteries; studies and approaches leading to the understanding of electrode/electrolyte interfacial phenomena and the charge transfer processes; electrolytes with enhanced non-flammability; electrolytes for wide temperature range operations; and cell performance improvement with respect to that of electrolyte materials.

An excellent resource for all graduate students and researchers using electrochemical techniques. After introducing the reader to the fundamentals, the book focuses on the latest developments in the techniques and applications in this field. This second edition contains new material on environmentally-friendly solvents, such as room-temperature ionic liquids.

Electrolytes for Lithium and Lithium-ion Batteries provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific understanding and technological development of electrolyte materials in the last several years. This book covers key electrolytes such as LiPF6 salt in mixed-carbonate solvents with additives for the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries as well as new electrolyte materials developed recently that lay the foundation for future advances. This book also reviews the characterization of electrolyte materials for their transport properties, structures, phase relationships, stabilities, and impurities. The book discusses in-depth the electrode-electrolyte interactions and interphasial chemistries that are key for the successful use of the electrolyte in practical devices. The Quantum Mechanical and Molecular Dynamical calculations that has proved to be so powerful in understanding and predicating behavior and properties of materials is also reviewed in this book. Electrolytes for Lithium and Lithium-ion Batteries is ideal for electrochemists, engineers, researchers interested in energy science and technology, material scientists, and physicists working on energy.

New anode-cathode couples using nonaqueous solvents were investigated for use as secondary batteries for power sources in orbiting satellites. Initial criteria of selection of the couples is based on the theoretical energy-to-weight ratio calculated from the free energy of reaction of anode and cathode, which will be greater than 200 wh/lb. Cells with active metal anodes as alkali metals and light-weight cathodes meet this criteria. Since the electrolyte solution must be compatible with alkali metals; water, alcohols, and acids are excluded from use and nonreactive nonaqueous liquids will be used for the solvent system. A survey of physical properties of liquids indicates that certain nonaqueous systems have a wide temperature range of liquid state, high dielectric constant, and moderate viscosity, but electrical conductivities of nonaqueous solutions are less than othes of aqueous systems. Reversibility of anode and cathode reactions in nonaqueous media was studied by measuring the current efficiency for metal deposition or dissolution as a function of current density. At densities of 20 ma/sq cm, Mg from a Mg ethyl bromide-ethyl ether solution, K from a POCl3-KI system, Al from an AlCl2-n hexylamine-ethyl ether system showed low reversibility. High current efficiences were found for Li electrodeposition from a propylene carbonate Li salt system and for an AlCl3-ethyl pyridinium bromide-toluene system at 20 ma/sq cm current density. After anodic oxidation of many metals, NiCl2 and AgCl were insoluble in the propylene carbonate system; NiCl2 was insoluble in the AlCl3-ethyl pyridinium bromide-toluene solution.

Electrochemical Power Sources (EPS) provides in a concise way theoperational features, major types, and applications of batteries,fuel cells, and supercapacitors • Details the design, operational features, andapplications of batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors • Covers improvements of existing EPSs and thedevelopment of new kinds of EPS as the results of intense R&Dwork • Provides outlook for future trends in fuel cells andbatteries • Covers the most typical battery types, fuel cells andsupercapacitors; such as zinc-carbon batteries, alkaline manganesedioxide batteries, mercury-zinc cells, lead-acid batteries, cadmiumstorage batteries, silver-zinc batteries and modern lithiumbatteries