Heterocyclic chemistry constitutes the largest branch of chemistry, covering almost two-thirds of literature in the field. In addition, around 90% of naturally-occurring molecules have heterocycles as their core structure. Therefore, as a central part of organic chemistry, the discovery of new methodologies in synthesizing heterocyclic compounds is essential to their continued application and development. Transition metal catalysts offer a low cost and often low toxicity pathway for heterocycles synthesis, while the use of noble metals represents an alternative form of experimentation which is discussed in the book.Noble Metals, Noble Value provides the first comprehensive analysis of the applications of the noble metals of ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh) and palladium (Pd) catalysts in heterocycles synthesis. Pairs of chapters are dedicated to summarizing each of the metals when applied to either five- or six-membered heterocyclic syntheses. An introduction to the importance of heterocycles and possible procedures for the preparation of heterocyclic compounds is also given.With up to date research and findings, this review is excellently suited to academics and professionals in the field of chemistry, with a particular focus on the specialities of biological, catalytic and organic chemistry.

With interdisciplinary perspectives from internationally renowned experts, Noble-Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Energy is one of the most authoritative references to focus solely on state-of-the-art knowledge of noble-metal-free electrocatalysts, as well as their nanostructures and unique properties. The chapters within contain cutting-edge breakthroughs, horizons, and insights into functional materials for energy applications.This book contains over 3000 references and 200 figures, and is a highly valuable resource for scientists, students, and engineers working in the fields of electrochemistry, catalysis, fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors.

The use of organocatalysts able to photocatalyze an organic reaction is a rapidly growing field. These photocatalyzed transformations are more environmentally sustainable with respect to the use of expensive/toxic metal-based (photo)catalysts.Based on the authors' extensive experience in photogenerated intermediates, this book presents an overview on photocatalyzed organic processes having a synthetic significance, where an organic molecule functions as the photocatalyst.After a brief introduction defining the nature and the characteristics of a photoorganocatalyst (POC), the chapters are organized according to the class of POC used, as detailed below.Each chapter begins with a summary of the photophysical characteristics of the POCs and is followed by selected examples of synthetic applications. The last two chapters are devoted to the adoption of photoorganocatalysis in polymerization and to flow photoorganocatalysis. These in-depth explanations and practical applications make this title an essential reading for any chemistry student interested in organic (sustainable) synthesis.

Heterogeneous catalysis has developed over the past two centuries as a technology driven by the needs of society, and is part of Nobel Prize-winning science. This book describes the spectacular increase in molecular understanding of heterogenous catalytic reactions in important industrial processes. Reaction mechanism and kinetics are discussed with a unique focus on their relation with the inorganic chemistry of the catalyst material. An introductory chapter presents the development of catalysis science and catalyst discovery from a historical perspective. Five chapters that form the thrust of the book are organized by type of reaction, reactivity principles, and mechanistic theories, which provide the scientific basis to structure-function relationships of catalyst performance. Present-day challenges to catalysis are sketched in a final chapter. Written by one of the world's leading experts on the topic, this definitive text is an essential reference for students, researchers and engineers working in this multibillion-dollar field.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has become a standard practice technique, and automated XPS facilities can be found in industry and in universities all over the world. This transformed XPS from an advanced characterization method for dedicated research, to a rather standard analysis technique of surface analysis. The catalyst's surface state is probably the most prominent factor that influences the catalytic performance. It is therefore no surprise that XPS has become an indispensable tool in studies of solid catalysts. It has been directly used to investigate issues such as the surface composition of the active catalyst and reaction and deactivation mechanisms.The objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and future perspectives of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy dedicated to catalytic applications, including thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, and photo(electro)catalysis. The book contains 13 chapters, starting with the necessary introduction of the technique background, including basic phenomena and instrumentation aspects. The second part of the book focuses on the presentation of long-established applications of the technique, such as XPS studies of model catalysts. Finally, the book describes relatively recent developments of this method for cutting-edge surface characterization mainly using synchrotron X-ray radiation.

Green Solvents in Organic Synthesis Essential reference on replacing conventional solvents with greener alternatives in industrial chemicals synthesis and production A well-timed book promoting sustainability in synthesis and production of chemicals, Green Solvents in Organic Synthesis details various green solvents, solvent systems, and solubilization techniques, including their chemistry, physiochemical properties, performance, and distinct applications, presenting a greener approach to conventional solvents by replacing them with sustainable alternatives that have similarities in their reaction mechanisms. Edited by four highly qualified academics with significant research experience in the field, Green Solvents in Organic Synthesis includes information on: Water and liquid polymers (Polyethylene glycol PEG), Acetonitrile, DMSO, Dimethyl carbonate, Ionic liquids, and Supercritical fluids) Bio-based solvents (Cyrene, γ-Valerolactone (GVL), Lactic acid, 2-MeTHF) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) Alcohols (MeOH, EtOH, i-PrOH, n-BuOH, t-BuOH, Ethylene glycol), ketones (Acetones, MEK, MIBK, Cyclohexanone), and esters (Methyl acetate, Ethyl acetate, i-PrOAc, n-BuOAc) Technical, economic, and environmental aspects of green solvents and how to maximize their reuse and recycling to alleviate pollution and reduce energy consumption For chemists in a variety of disciplines, Green Solvents in Organic Synthesis is an essential reference that provides foundational knowledge of green solvents, along with key features of each class of green solvent within the context of organic reactions for industrial and laboratory synthesis.

Iron Catalysis: Design and Applications is an exciting new book that takes readers inside the world of iron catalysis guided by international catalysis expert, Dr Jose M Palomo. Iron is the most abundant metal in the planet, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, with an easily manipulated remediation process. In the last few years the use of this nonprecious metal has gained extraordinary attention particularly for its potential as a catalyst in different areas. This book compiles a series of chapters describing the most significant advances in the last few years since the design of different iron catalysts and nanocatalysts and iron-containing artificial and natural enzymes. The chapters also cover its application in different areas of interest such as organic synthesis, environmental remediation, enzyme-like activities or the creation of novel types of electrodes for battery design.