Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a common crop grown in Arkansas under flooded-soil conditions. The saturated to nearly saturated soil makes rice production an ideal environment for the production of potent greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide (N2O). The objectives of this study were to i) evaluate the impact of water management practice (full-season-flood and intermittent-flood) and cultivar (pure-line and hybrid) on N2O fluxes, season-long N2O emissions, and global warming potential (GWP; 2016) and ii) evaluate the impact of tillage practice [conventional tillage and no-tillage (NT)] and type of urea fertilizer [ N-(n-butyl) thiosphosphoric triamide (NBPT)-coated and non-coated urea] on N2O fluxes, season-long N2O emissions and GWP (2017). For both objectives, rice was grown in a direct-seeded, delayedflood production system. Gas samples were collected from enclosed chambers at 20-min intervals for 1 hr approximately weekly between flood establishment and 4 to 7 days after endof- season flood release. In 2016, both N2O fluxes and season-long N2O emissions were unaffected (P > 0.1) by water management or cultivar. However, season-long N2O emissions ranged from 0.38 to 0.84 kg N2O-N ha-1 season-1 from the full-season-flood/hybrid and intermittent-flood/hybrid treatment combinations, respectively. The GWP differed (P 0.1) by water management or cultivar. However, season-long N2O emissions ranged from 0.38 to 0.84 kg N2O-N ha-1 season-1 from the full-season-flood/hybrid and intermittent-flood/hybrid treatment combinations, respectively. The GWP differed (P 0.1) by tillage practice or type of urea fertilizer. The NT/non-coated-urea combination (2204 CO2 eq. ha-1 season-1) had the numerically largest GWP, but GWP was unaffected (P > 0.05) by tillage or fertilizer type. There are limited N2O emissions studies that have been conducted in rice production in the US, therefore, it is important to quantify and evaluate N2O emissions from common rice production practices (full-season-flood and conventional tillage) and their alternatives (intermittent-flood and no-tillage) to estimate the environmental impacts of these practices when rice producers are considering a conversion to more sustainable practices. 0.05) by tillage or fertilizer type. There are limited N2O emissions studies that have been conducted in rice production in the US, therefore, it is important to quantify and evaluate N2O emissions from common rice production practices (full-season-flood and conventional tillage) and their alternatives (intermittent-flood and no-tillage) to estimate the environmental impacts of these practices when rice producers are considering a conversion to more sustainable practices.

Alternative water management practices for rice (Oryza sativa) production have been developed for water conservation purposes, such as the relatively new furrow-irrigated rice production system, which results in spatially variable volumetric water content (VWC), temperature, and oxidation-reduction (redox) potential. No research has been conducted to relate greenhouse gas (GHG) production to soil and plant properties or environmental factors under furrow-irrigated rice. The objective of this field study was to evaluate correlations between methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes and emissions and global warming potential (GWP) and near-surface soil properties and environmental factors over two growing seasons (2018 and 2019) under furrow-irrigated rice on a silt-loam soil in eastern Arkansas. Gas samples were collected weekly between planting and harvest from enclosed-headspace, static chambers and analyzed by gas chromatography. Methane fluxes were correlated (P.

Sustainability should be a key component of every process, safeguarding resources and reserves for future generations. This book shows how a responsible use of resources is possible, offering valid technological alternatives to fight climate change. We offer current technologies and valid methods for a wide range of activities: teaching, investigation, work, business and even daily life. We encourage all our readers to join us and become part of the solution to climate change, rather than the problem. After reading this book, we are certain that you will find justified reasons to start your own personal and social awareness campaign in favour of these effective technologies against climate change.

In 2002, the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) developed a coordinated national research effort called GRACEnet (Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network) to provide information on the soil C status and GHG emission of current agricultural practices, and to develop new management practices to reduce net GHG emission and increase soil C sequestration primarily from soil management. Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases synthesizes the wealth of information generated from the GRACEnet project in over 30 ARS locations throughout the US and in numerous peer-reviewed articles. Although GRACEnet is an ARS project, contributors to this work include a variety of backgrounds and reported findings have important international applications. For example, many parts of the world possess similar ecoregions to the U.S. (e.g., northern Great Plains is similar to the Argentina Pampas and Ukraine Steppe).