Einstein's energy-momentum relation is applicable to particles of all speeds, including the particle at rest and the massless particle moving with the speed of light. If one formula or formalism is applicable to all speeds, we say it is 'Lorentz-covariant.' As for the internal space-time symmetries, there does not appear to be a clear way to approach this problem. For a particle at rest, there are three spin degrees of freedom. For a massless particle, there are helicity and gauge degrees of freedom. The aim of this book is to present one Lorentz-covariant picture of these two different space-time symmetries. Using the same mathematical tool, it is possible to give a Lorentz-covariant picture of Gell-Mann's quark model for the proton at rest and Feynman's parton model for the fast-moving proton. The mathematical formalism for these aspects of the Lorentz covariance is based on two-by-two matrices and harmonic oscillators which serve as two basic scientific languages for many different branches of physics. It is pointed out that the formalism presented in this book is applicable to various aspects of optical sciences of current interest.

A deeply fascinating, engaging, and highly accessible explanation of Einstein's equation, using everyday life to explore the principles of physics.

Capitalize on Your Company's Intangible Assets... Leading Companies Show You How "Einstein in the Boardroom makes a great sequel to Edison in the Boardroom. Those readers who found the examples and war stories of Edison to be useful in their own IP-management activities will find the same qualities in Einstein. This resource will help anyone in the intangibles management community who seeks to go beyond intellectual property and understand and capitalize on the full range of a firm's intellectual capital." --Julie Davis, coauthor, Edison in the Boardroom "Harrison and Sullivan continue to elevate understanding of the value of intellectual assets and, more importantly, provide a 'clinic' on the practical steps necessary to turn theory into bottom-line results." --Jeff Weedman, Vice President, External Business Development The Procter & Gamble Company "Einstein in the Boardroom is a valuable guide for business managers considering how to leverage intangible assets for profit." --Joe Beyers, Vice President, Intellectual Property Licensing, Hewlett-Packard Company "Going deeper into value creation for companies, Einstein in the Boardroom describes new ways to extract value from 'I-stuff' on knowledge, a tremendous asset that is too rarely exploited and could be leveraged by all readers of this great book." --Beatrix de Russe, Executive Vice President, Licensing and Intellectual Property, Thomson "Einstein in the Boardroom is a must-read for CEOs, CFOs, and board chairs facing the financial governance issues of share price, wealth creation, and value realization. When today's financial management systems may only deal with 20 percent of the value of the firm, Harrison and Sullivan offer a look at what a company can do to successfully create and extract value from the 'other' 80 percent, and they show you how other companies have done it!" --Bill Swirsky, Vice President, Knowledge Development The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants "Identifying, managing, and leveraging knowledge and intangible assets has enabled Cargill to differentiate itself from its competitors and increase its profitability. Harrison and Sullivan provide a clear perspective on how intangible assets fit within the corporate landscape and how to manage them to increase value for the organization." --Harry J. Gwinnell, Vice President and Chief IP Counsel, Cargill

Generations have grown up knowing that the equation E=mc2 changed the shape of our world, but never understanding what it actually means, why it was so significant, and how it informs our daily lives today--governing, as it does, everything from the atomic bomb to a television's cathode ray tube to the carbon dating of prehistoric paintings. In this book, David Bodanis writes the "biography" of one of the greatest scientific discoveries in history--that the realms of energy and matter are inescapably linked--and, through his skill as a writer and teacher, he turns a seemingly impenetrable theory into a dramatic human achievement and an uncommonly good story.

Starting off from noneuclidean geometries, apart from the method of Einstein's equations, this book derives and describes the phenomena of gravitation and diffraction. A historical account is presented, exposing the missing link in Einstein's construction of the theory of general relativity: the uniformly rotating disc, together with his failure to realize, that the Beltrami metric of hyperbolic geometry with constant curvature describes exactly the uniform acceleration observed. This book also explores these questions: * How does time bend? * Why should gravity propagate at the speed of light? * How does the expansion function of the universe relate to the absolute constant of the noneuclidean geometries? * Why was the Sagnac effect ignored? * Can Maxwell's equations accommodate mass? * Is there an inertia due solely to polarization? * Can objects expand in elliptic geometry like they contract in hyperbolic geometry?

Rafelski presents Special Relativity in a language deemed accessible to students without any topical preparation - avoiding the burden of geometry, tensor calculus, and space-time symmetries – and yet advancing in highly contemporary context all the way to research frontiers. Special Relativity is presented such that nothing remains a paradox or just apparent, but rather is explained. A text of similar character, content, and scope, has not been available before. This textbook describes Special Relativity when rigid material bodies are introduced describing the reality of body contraction; it shows the relevance of acceleration and the necessary evolution of the theoretical framework when acceleration is critical. This book also presents the evolving views of Einstein about the aether. In addition to a careful and elementary introduction to relativity complete with exercises, worked examples and many discussions, this volume connects to current research topics so that readers can explore Special Relativity from the foundation to the frontier.