The scientific exploration of solid materials represents one of the most important, fascinating and rewarding areas of scientific endeavour in the present day, not only from the viewpoint of advancing fundamental understanding but also from the industrial perspective, given the immense diversity of applications of solid materials across the full range of commercial sectors. Turning Points in Solid-State, Materials and Surface Science provides a state-of-the-art survey of some of the most important recent developments across the spectrum of solid-state, materials and surface sciences, while at the same time reflecting on key turning points in the evolution of this scientific discipline and projecting into the directions for future research progress. The book serves as a timely tribute to the life and work of Professor Sir John Meurig Thomas FRS, who has made monumental contributions to this field of science throughout his distinguished 50-year career in research, during which he has initiated, developed and exploited many important branches of this field. Indeed, the depth and breadth of his contributions towards the evolution and advancement of this scientific discipline, and his critical role in elevating this field to the important position that it now occupies within modern science, are demonstrated recurrently throughout the chapters of this book. Individual chapters are contributed by internationally leading experts in their respective fields, and the topics covered include solid-state chemistry of inorganic and organic materials, heterogeneous catalysis, surface science and materials science, with one section of the book focusing on modern developments in electron microscopy and its contributions to chemistry and materials science. The book serves as a modern and up-to-date monograph in these fields, and provides a valuable resource to researchers in academia and industry who require a comprehensive source of information on this important and rapidly developing subject.

Surface Modification by Solid State Processing describes friction-based surfacing techniques for surface modification to improve resistance to corrosion and wear, also changing surface chemistry. Surface conditions are increasingly demanding in industrial applications and surface modification can reduce manufacturing and maintenance costs, leading to improved component performance, reliability and lifetime. Friction-based technologies are promising solid state processing technologies, particularly for light alloys, in the manufacturing of composite surface and functionally graded materials This title is divided into five chapters, and after an introduction the book covers friction surfacing; friction stir processing; surface reinforcements of light alloys; and characterization techniques based on eddy currents. Describes friction-based surfacing techniques for surface modification to improve resistance to corrosion and wear, and change surface chemistry Emphasizes industrial applications Describes existing and emerging techniques

This long-awaited second edition of the successful introduction to the fundamentals of heterogeneous catalysis is now completely revised and updated. Written by internationally acclaimed experts, this textbook includes fundamentals of adsorption, characterizing catalysts and their surfaces, the significance of pore structure and surface area, solid-state and surface chemistry, poisoning, promotion, deactivation and selectivity of catalysts, as well as catalytic process engineering. A final section provides a number of examples and case histories. With its color and numerous graphics plus references to help readers to easily find further reading, this is a pivotal work for an understanding of the principles involved.

John Meurig Thomas is a former Director of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, a former head of the Department of Physical Chemistry and former Master of Peterhouse, University of Cambridge. A world-renowned solid-state, materials and surface chemist, he has been an educator, researcher, academic administrator, author of university texts, government advisor, industrial consultant and trustee of national museums in a career spanning over 50 years. Recipient of many international awards, including the Linus Pauling, Willard–Gibbs, Kapitza, Natta, Stokes, Davy and Faraday medals, he is also a fellow of the Royal Society (1977), of the American Philosophical Society (1993) and of ten other national academies. He is best known for his fundamental work in heterogeneous catalysis, chemical electron microscopy and in the popularisation of science, for which, in conjunction with his services to chemistry, he was knighted (1991). He is also founding editor of three scientific journals and editor or co-editor of some 30 monographs. A new mineral, meurigite, was named in his honour (1995). Most recently in 2016, Sir John was awarded the Royal Medal for Physical Sciences by the Royal Society. Drawn from over 1200 publications, this volume contains a summarised account of Sir John's work, with a selection of the new techniques pioneered and discovered by him and his colleagues. Also included are popular science articles, and various illustrations of techniques which have enhanced our knowledge of many facets of condensed matter science. Contributions from 80 peers, colleagues, former co-workers, students and friends worldwide who have interacted with or been influenced by him are a tribute to the professional and personal life of Sir John, making this book a unique reflective summary of the work of one of the greatest achievers in modern British physical science.

Materials Science and Engineering theme is a component of Encyclopedia of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Materials Science and Engineering is concerned with the development and selection of the best possible material for a particular engineering task and the determination of the most effective method of producing the materials and the component. The Theme with contributions from distinguished experts in the field, discusses Materials Science and Engineering. In this theme the history of materials is traced and the concept of structure (atomic structure, microstructure and defect structure) and its relationship to properties developed. The theme is structured in five main topics: Materials Science and Engineering; Optimization of Materials Properties; Structural and Functional Materials; Materials Processing and Manufacturing Technologies; Detection of Defects and Assessment of Serviceability; Materials of the Future, which are then expanded into multiple subtopics, each as a chapter. These three volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.

Under extreme conditions the mechanical or electrical properties of solids tend to destabilize, leading to failure or breakdown. These instabilities often nucleate or spread from disorders in the structure of the solid. This book by two experts in the field investigates current techniques for modeling these failure and breakdown processes. It illustrates the basic modeling principles through a series of computer and laboratory simulations and `table top' experiments. The book centers on three important case studies: electrical failures like fuse and dielectric breakdown; mechanical fractures; and earthquakes, which exhibit dynamic failure. The material will interest all graduate students and researchers studying disordered systems, whether their focus is the mechanical failure of solids, the electrical breakdown of conductors, or earthquake mechanics.

Light alkanes tend to be resistant to many forms of activation. The horizontal approach of the present book covers homogeneous, heterogeneous and biological catalysis, thus allowing readers to gain an awareness of progress and ideas in research areas different from their own. The book contains both general chapters, giving an overview of the subject, and specialised contributions that deal with the details and state of the art. A specialist report is also included which gives a critical insight into current progress and discusses future prospects and major challenges. Audience: Newcomers and senior researchers in the field of alkane activation. The mixed theoretical and practical approach will be of interest to researchers and industrialists alike.