Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection causes severe diseases in immunocompromised patients. CMV-related morbidity is frequently linked to aberrant immune responses occurring locally within the respective tissues including immune-privileged sites such as the retina. There is growing evidence that CMV-related pathomechanisms differ profoundly as a function of cell type and differentiation state of the host cell. This book provides important new insights into CMV-related immunopathology, discusses molecular mechanisms involved in HCMV-mediated tissue injury, CMV latency and reactivation, and presents novel ideas and concepts to develop alternative antiviral drugs. As an important focus, the role of CMV-reactive T cells in protection, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of HCMV infection is discussed. The contributions to this book are written by leading scientists and clinicians in the field of CMV who participated in the fourth international meeting on CMV-related immunopathology, held in Berlin, September 2002. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this volume is a vital reference for clinicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of CMV infections, as well as for researchers working in the field of herpesvirus biology and the development of antiviral drugs.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection causes severe diseases in immunocompromised patients. CMV-related morbidity is frequently linked to aberrant immune responses occurring locally within the respective tissues including immune-privileged sites such as the retina. There is growing evidence that CMV-related pathomechanisms differ profoundly as a function of cell type and differentiation state of the host cell. This book provides important new insights into CMV-related immunopathology, discusses molecular mechanisms involved in HCMV-mediated tissue injury, CMV latency and reactivation, and presents novel ideas and concepts to develop alternative antiviral drugs. As an important focus, the role of CMV-reactive T cells in protection, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of HCMV infection is discussed. The contributions to this book are written by leading scientists and clinicians in the field of CMV who participated in the fourth international meeting on CMV-related immunopathology, held in Berlin, September 2002. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this volume is a vital reference for clinicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of CMV infections, as well as for researchers working in the field of herpesvirus biology and the development of antiviral drugs.

'This monograph will appeal to clinical microbiologists, and virologists involved in the care of transplant recipients and AIDS patients, as it provides the scientific basis of antiviral drug activity, molecular diagnosis and also of possible immunopathogenic mechanisms of CMV disease and CMV-related graft rejection.... it is highly recommended.'

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can cause severe diseases with significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients such as bone marrow or solid-organ transplant recipients, and AIDS patients. Major manifestations include transplant rejection, hepatitis, pneumonitis, encephalitis and retinitis. There is growing evidence that in certain cases CMV disease is closely linked to aberrant immune responses occurring locally within the respective tissues. This book provides important new insights into CMV-related immunopathology, discusses current methods of CMV diagnosis and anti-CMV therapy, and proposes novel antiviral treatment strategies. It contains contributions by leading scientists and clinicians in the field of CMV, who participated in the 'First International Round Table Consensus Meeting', held in Frankfurt, Germany, in August 1997. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this volume is a vital reference for clinicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of CMV infections, as well as for researchers working on herpesvirus biology and the development of antiviral drugs.

This special issue contains contributions by leading scientists and clinicians in the field of CMV, who participated in the 2nd Symposium on CMV-Related Immunopathology, held in Maastricht, Netherlands, in September 1999. Recent research has shown that cytomegalovirus manipulates the immune system in an obviously 'intelligent' way to promote virus persistence, replication and dissemination. This manipulation leads to aberrant host immune responses and to disease in immunocompromised persons such as transplant recipients or AIDS patients. However, there is growing evidence that CMV-related immunopathomechanisms may also be of significance in adult non-immunocompromised people, even in the absence of detectable viremia. Reflecting and interpreting the most up-to-date information available on CMV-related immunopathology and anti-CMV therapy, this publication will be of vital interest for clinicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of CMV infections as well as for researchers working on herpesvirus biology and the development of antiviral drugs.

For many years, experiments using chimpanzees have been instrumental in advancing scientific knowledge and have led to new medicines to prevent life-threatening and debilitating diseases. However, recent advances in alternate research tools have rendered chimpanzees largely unnecessary as research subjects. The Institute of Medicine, in collaboration with the National Research Council, conducted an in-depth analysis of the scientific necessity for chimpanzees in NIH-funded biomedical and behavioral research. The committee concludes that while the chimpanzee has been a valuable animal model in the past, most current biomedical research use of chimpanzees is not necessary, though noted that it is impossible to predict whether research on emerging or new diseases may necessitate chimpanzees in the future.

Dr. Mimouni and Dr. Koletzko have assembled some of the world's leaders on breast milk for preterm infants to provide a current overview of the benefits and barriers. Authors address the following topics: Preterm human milk macronutrient composition; Bed-side human milk analysis in the NICU; Human milk fortification; DHA supplements; Potential benefits of bioactive proteins in human milk for preterm infants; New insights into variations of metabolite and hormone contents in human milk; Immune properties of human milk in relation to preterm infant feeding; Human milk oligosaccharides; Treatment and quality of banked human milk; Use of donor milk: collection, storage and safety; Postnatal CMV infection through human milk in preterm infants: Transmission, clinical presentation, and prevention; NEC and human milk feeding; Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants fed human milk; Evidence-based methods that promote human milk feeding of preterm infants; and Human flavor learning: the breastfeeding experience. Lactiation consultants, NICU nurses, and neonatologists will find these clinical review articles to be very valuable.