This special issue reflects the impact of neutrosophic theory in Latin America, especially after creating the Latin American Association of Neutrosophic Sciences. Among the areas of publication most addressed in the region are found in the interrelation of social sciences and neutrosophy, presenting outstanding results in these research areas. The main objective of this special issue is to divulge the impact publication related to the Neutrosophic theory and explore new areas of research and application in the region. The SI reflects the influence of the neutrosophic publications in Latin America by opening new research areas mainly related to Neutrosophic Statistics, Plithogeny, and NeutroAlgebra. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning the incorporation of authors from new countries in the region, such as Paraguay, Uruguay, and Panama, to have authors in total from 15 countries, 12 of them from the Latin American region.

Nowadays, the economic crisis affecting the countries makes more important the selection process of investment projects. Such is the case of Ecuador where the Multi-annual Public Investment Plan 2017-2021 establishes indicative amounts of public investment that are projected to be executed annually to achieve each of the nine strategic objectives of the National Development Plan that pay tribute to the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN. This plan has certain weaknesses that may not allow an effective and efficient choice at the same time. Which entails a scenario of uncertainty for the Ecuadorian investment process. So we dare to say that a classic selection of investment projects is not suitable. Therefore, there is a need for a decisionmaking support tool that allows the most effective and optimal selection of the projects of greater importance and scope based on multiple, specifically defined criteria. Thus, the main objective of this research is to develop a selection process for investment projects based on multicriteria decision methods in a plithogenic environment. If an adequate method is determined for the selection of an investment project in an environment of uncertainty based on Plithogeny, it will be possible to provide an effective tool that optimizes the decision-making process. For this, the plithogenic versions of the AHP and TOPSIS methods will be adopted.

Education in the history of humanity briefly establishes the general characteristics of education over time. Throughout life, the student goes through more than 18 years in the classrooms, because education has rigorously changed throughout history, as a result of the evolution of some universities during the processes carried out until changing categories and an improvement in the evaluated indicators. On the other hand, governments and leading entities of education speak of the application of standards of educational quality, the efficiency of the educational system, and sustainability of financing and quality of spending to ensure that students develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes in specific situations, in different contexts for solving problems and interacting with the main dimensions, with their factors or sub-dimensions, limitations or critical nodes and challenges of education. This study analyzes the effects that affect educational development through the neutrosophic statistical study with the application of plithogenic sets.

This research aims to evaluate the knowledge about the incidence of ergonomic risks in the occupational health of the teachers of the UNIANDES University. Our starting point was the problem related to many physical affectations suffered by teachers and registered in the Institution's medical department system. Then they were scientifically based on topics such as occupational health, occupational risks, ergonomics, and technological elements. Methodologically, we worked with a population of 478 teachers from which a sample of 218 people was selected. Digital survey through the Forms application and the AHP Saaty method were the investigative techniques we used. Among the main findings, it can be noted that the vast majority of those investigated spend an average of 10 hours in front of the computer and are unaware of aspects related to ergonomics and its impact on occupational health. Finally, we make a proposal related to the use of technological elements to generate knowledge about the occupational risks generated by ergonomic aspects.

How companies relate to customers and the global society has changed over time; those who do not use internet marketing and social networks have reduced their recognition. The archaic ways businesses handled their marketing have caused a considerable lag in their online sales and the many benefits they can offer. The revolution in the use of technology is currently fundamental for business; practitioners can find several areas to apply this resource, such as decision-making, teleworking, and sales, among others. This allows adapting business operations and services efficiently. Companies leverage a combination of cutting-edge technologies to modernize legacy business operations and recognize and implement new opportunities from current models. This research aims to analyze aspects related to the implication that social networks have in marketing in small and medium-sized companies in the city of Santo Domingo. Te research was developed based on the analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive research modality and mathematical modeling for decision-making through neutrosophic logic and plithogenic logic. It was determined that the most relevant economic activity is commerce and that the tertiary sector was one of the most affected by the quarantine. Likewise, it was determined that social communities helped increase sales and that the most used company is Facebook and its complementary networks.

We introduce for the first time the concept of plithogeny in philosophy and, as a derivative, the concepts of plithogenic set / logic / probability / statistics in mathematics and engineering – and the degrees of contradiction (dissimilarity) between the attributes’ values that contribute to a more accurate construction of plithogenic aggregation operators and to the plithogenic relationship of inclusion (partial ordering).

In a world of chaotic alignments, traditional logic with its strict boundaries of truth and falsity has not imbued itself with the capability of reflecting the reality. Despite various attempts to reorient logic, there has remained an essential need for an alternative system that could infuse into itself a representation of the real world. Out of this need arose the system of Neutrosophy (the philosophy of neutralities, introduced by FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE), and its connected logic Neutrosophic Logic, which is a further generalization of the theory of Fuzzy Logic. In this book we study the concepts of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) and their Neutrosophic analogue, the Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCMs). Fuzzy Cognitive Maps are fuzzy structures that strongly resemble neural networks, and they have powerful and far-reaching consequences as a mathematical tool for modeling complex systems. Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps are generalizations of FCMs, and their unique feature is the ability to handle indeterminacy in relations between two concepts thereby bringing greater sensitivity into the results. Some of the varied applications of FCMs and NCMs which has been explained by us, in this book, include: modeling of supervisory systems; design of hybrid models for complex systems; mobile robots and in intimate technology such as office plants; analysis of business performance assessment; formalism debate and legal rules; creating metabolic and regulatory network models; traffic and transportation problems; medical diagnostics; simulation of strategic planning process in intelligent systems; specific language impairment; web-mining inference application; child labor problem; industrial relations: between employer and employee, maximizing production and profit; decision support in intelligent intrusion detection system; hyper-knowledge representation in strategy formation; female infanticide; depression in terminally ill patients and finally, in the theory of community mobilization and women empowerment relative to the AIDS epidemic.