Although quantum mechanics has been around since the beginning of the 20th century, it is only in the last twenty or thirty years that it has begun to find practical applications in everyday life. And in the past twenty years in particular, those working on quantum mechanics and neuroscience have begun to take an interest in each other’s fields. First physicists took an interest in the nervous system, and later, not to be outdone, neuroscientists started to look at quantum physics. In addition, despite there not being a suitable platform, conferences on quantum physics strangely became the scene for discussions on the concepts of consciousness, conscious measurement, and the observer. At neuroscience conferences, discussion started as to whether quantum physics had a place in the communication between nerve cells, and whether the description by classical physics only was insufficient to explain some of the workings of the brain. And after 2000, academic meetings attended by both neuroscientists and quantum physicists started to be held under the title of Quantum Mind/Brain. The speakers at these conferences were not New Age writers or amateurs who ascribe everything to quantum physics; most of them were leading physicists and neuroscientists. What they did and what they wrote was not outside objective scientific practice. NeuroQuantology (2001) is first and foremost a new scientific discipline, just like neuroanatomy (1895), neurobiology (1910), neuroendocrinology, neurochemistry (1920-25), neuropharmacology (1950), neurophilosophy (1989), and neurotheology (1994). It was an approach that blended neuroscience and quantum physics to search with the help of quantum physics for answers to questions which neuroscience alone could not answer. Following the sowing of this first seed, the word NeuroQuantology was used for the first time in 2001, and I became the founder and father first of a journal and then of a potential new field of science. The name was as much a product of inspiration as it was of logic. Of course, there are plenty of clinical and theoretical terms beginning with neuro-, so I was surprised that this particular expression as NeuroQuantology had not been used previously. Up to that time, interdisciplinary articles on neuroscience and related quantum physics had been published in various pioneering physics and neuroscience journals under the heading of “quantum mind/brain”. These were generally articles trying to explain the relationship between measurement and observer problems in quantum physics. Moreover, occasionally, space was given in some cognitive science journals to articles discussing whether quantum physics would solve unanswered questions of free will, choice, decision-making and consciousness. International conferences were organised under the heading of “quantum mind”. But there was no academic journal which covered all such topics. Since 2003, neuroscience and quantum physics have been growing together by examining two main topics under the NeuroQuantology. One of these is the problem of measurement in quantum mechanics. The measurement problem has brought many other still unanswered questions in its train. In classical physics, there is only an observer, but quantum mechanics has become embroiled in unending discussion about whether this person is an observer, a participant in the measurement, or even a reporter of the result of the measurement. There is increasing discussion in many articles on whether consciousness operates on measurement, and if it does, to what extent. The Copenhagen interpretation, which has been around since the beginning of quantum mechanics, while suggesting solutions to multiple worlds and the theory of hidden variables, has not been part of a clear answer to the question of what role the observer plays. Eugene Wigner, John Carew Eccles, David Bohm, Stuart Hameroff, Roger Penrose, Ewan Harris Walker, Henry Stapp, Jack Sarfatti and many other distinguished people have produced mathematical equations or theoretical framework to show the role of consciousness in quantum mechanics, but so far there is no generally accepted approach. If a conscious observer really does have an effect on quantum measurements, many of our equations will have to be drastically changed. The other main topic of NeuroQuantology is quantum neurobiology: that is, the brain operates not only at a classical, macroscopic level, but also at a quantum, microscopic level. It covers the question of where this level begins and whether it has a bearing on our consciousness, mind, memory and decision-making processes. And, last subtopic is quantum biology. Quantum biology refers to applications of quantum mechanics to biological objects and problems. Usually, it is taken to refer to applications of the "non-trivial" quantum features such as superposition, nonlocality, entanglement and tunneling, as opposed to the "trivial" but ubiquitous quantum mechanical nature of chemical bonding, ionization, and other phenomena that are the basis of the fundamental biophysics and biochemistry of organisms. Many biological processes involve the conversion of energy into forms that are usable for chemical transformations and are quantum mechanical in nature. Such processes involve chemical reactions, light absorption, formation of excited electronic states, transfer of excitation energy, and the transfer of electrons and protons (hydrogen ions) in chemical processes such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration. The last decade has produced some significant work showing how quantum effects can occur in biological systems, with advances in three areas utilizing three of the key ideas from quantum physics having been particularly prominent in the media, although often with a certain amount of controversy: superposition in photosynthesis, entanglement in magnetoreception and quantum tunneling in smell perception. The last decade has also seen some significant advances in our understanding of the brain, from research into how quantum computation might create consciousness through coherence in microtubules, to calls for the emergence of a new field of quantum psychiatry/psychopathology to use our understanding of quantum effects in the brain to help tackle mental illness. Discussions focused on the manner in which quantum effects might not just be occurring in the healthy brain, but also creating pathological symptoms, including mental illnesses such as depression and schizophrenia. The first peoples to suggest that quantum mechanics could operate in biology, even though they were the godfathers of quantum mechanics (Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Herbert Fröhlich, Walter Heitler, and Max Delbrück), now after 100 years have passed have been squeezed into quantum mechanics and the physics and chemistry of solid, dead matter. Thus, the biological structures that are taught from primary school are made up of physical and chemical structures. Erwin Schrödinger was also one of the first scientists to suggest a study of quantum biology in his 1944 book What Is Life? Incomprehensibly, there has been resistance for a century to quantum biology. NeuroQuantology provides the motivation to break down this resistance and open further a new door to quantum neurobiology.

Since 2003, neuroscience and quantum physics have been growing together by examining two main topics under NeuroQuantology. One of these is the measurement problem in quantum mechanics. The other topic of NeuroQuantology is quantum neurobiology: that is, the brain operates not only at a classical, macroscopic level, but also at a quantum microscopic level. It covers the question of where this level begins and whether it has a bearing on our consciousness, mind, memory and decision-making processes. The last subtopic is quantum biology. Quantum biology refers to applications of quantum mechanics to biological objects. The first people to suggest that quantum mechanics could operate in biology, even though they were the godfathers of quantum mechanics, now after 100 years have passed, have been squeezed into quantum mechanics and the physics and chemistry of solid, dead matter. This book provides the motivation to break down this resistance and open further a new door to quantum neurobiology. This book gives the reader a distinctly better understanding of interdisciplinary approach of the brain, including quantum mechanics and neuroscience. This book is about the edge of new science, briefly NeuroQuantology in a nutshell.

Since 2003, neuroscience and quantum physics have been growing together by examining two main topics under NeuroQuantology. One of these is the measurement problem in quantum mechanics. The other topic of NeuroQuantology is quantum neurobiology: that is, the brain operates not only at a classical, macroscopic level, but also at a quantum microscopic level. It covers the question of where this level begins and whether it has a bearing on our consciousness, mind, memory and decision-making processes. The last subtopic is quantum biology. Quantum biology refers to applications of quantum mechanics to biological objects. The first people to suggest that quantum mechanics could operate in biology, even though they were the godfathers of quantum mechanics, now after 100 years have passed, have been squeezed into quantum mechanics and the physics and chemistry of solid, dead matter. This book provides the motivation to break down this resistance and open further a new door to quantum neurobiology. This book gives the reader a distinctly better understanding of interdisciplinary approach of the brain, including quantum mechanics and neuroscience. This book is about the edge of new science, briefly NeuroQuantology in a nutshell.

This book models an idealized neuron as being driven by basic electrical elements, the goal being to systematically characterize the logical properties of neural pulses. In order to constitute a system, neurons as pulsating devices may be represented using novel circuit elements as delineated in this book. A plausible brain system is implied by the delineated elements and logically follows from known and likely properties of a neuron. New to electrical science are novel pulse-related circuit elements involving recursive neurons. A recursive neuron, when properly excited, produces a self-sustaining pulse train that when sampled, provides a true output with a specified probability, and a false output with complementary probability. Because of its similarity to the qubits of quantum mechanics, the recursive pulsating neuron is termed a simulated qubit. Recursive neurons easily function as controlled toggle devices and so are capable of massively parallel calculations, this being a new dimension in brain functioning as described in this book. Simulated qubits and their possibilities are compared to the qubits of quantum physics. Included in the book are suggested neural circuits for associative memory search via a randomized process of cue selection, and neural circuits for priority calculations. These serve to select returns from long term memory, which in turn determines one's next conscious thought or action based on past memorized experiences. The book reports on proposals involving electron tunneling between synapses, and quantum computations within neurons. Although not a textbook, there are easy exercises at the ends of chapters, and in the appendix there are twelve simulation experiments concerning neurons. ​

Brain-Body-Mind in the Nebulous Cartesian System: A Holistic Approach by Oscillations is a research monograph, with didactical features, on the mechanisms of the mind, encompassing a wide spectrum of results and analyses. The book should appeal to scientists and graduate students in the fields of neuroscience, neurology, psychiatry, physiology, psychology, physics and philosophy. Its goals are the development of an empirical-analytical construct, denoted as “Reasonings to Approach the Mind”, and the comprehension of 20 principles for understanding the mind. This book amalgamates results from work on the brain, vegetative system, brains in the evolution of species, the maturing brain, dynamic memory, emotional processes, and cognitive impairment in neuro-psychiatric disorders (Alzheimer, Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorders). The findings are comparatively evaluated within the framework of brain oscillations and neurotransmitters. Further, a holistic approach links the brain to the cardiovascular system and overall myogenic coordination of the vegetative system. The results emphasize that EEG oscillations, ultraslow oscillations, and neurotransmitters are quasi-invariant building blocks in brain-body-mind function and also during the evolution of species: The temporal domain is where the importance of research on neural oscillators is indispensable. The core, holistic concept that emerges is that the brain, spinal cord, overall myogenic system, brain-body-oscillations, and neurotransmitters form a functional syncytium. Accordingly, the concept of “Syncytium Brain-Body-Mind” replaces the concept of “Mind”. P>

"I loved the book! This book is not just interesting, it is exciting. I have probably read every significant book in the field, and this is the strongest and most convincing one yet. It is also one of the most comprehensive in its explanations. I shall most certainly recommend the book to colleagues." –Richard G. Petty, MD "a very good introduction to the basic theory of quantum systems.... Dr. Georgiev’s book aptly prepares the reader to confront whatever might be in store later." –from the Foreword by Prof. James F. Glazebrook, Eastern Illinois University This book addresses the fascinating cross-disciplinary field of quantum information theory applied to the study of brain function. It offers a self-study guide to probe the problems of consciousness, including a concise but rigorous introduction to classical and quantum information theory, theoretical neuroscience, and philosophy of the mind. It aims to address long-standing problems related to consciousness within the framework of modern theoretical physics in a comprehensible manner that elucidates the nature of the mind-body relationship. The reader also gains an overview of methods for constructing and testing quantum informational theories of consciousness.

This introduction to the dissipative quantum model of brain and to its possible implications for consciousness studies is addressed to a broad interdisciplinary audience. Memory and consciousness are approached from the physicist point of view focusing on the basic observation that the brain is an open system continuously interacting with its environment. The unavoidable dissipative character of the brain functioning turns out to be the root of the brain's large memory capacity and of other memory features such as memory association, memory confusion, duration of memory. The openness of the brain implies a formal picture of the world which is modeled on the same brain image: a sort of brain copy or “Double”, where world objectiveness and the brain implicit subjectivity are conjugated. Consciousness is seen to arise from the permanent “dialogue” of the brain with its Double. The author's narration of his (re-)search gives a cross-over of the physics of elementary particles and condensed matter, and the brain's basic dynamics. This dynamic interplay makes for a “satisfying feeling of the unity of knowledge”. (Series A)