Recent studies have highlighted that stimulation of the nervous system with spatiotemporal patterns may engage the nervous system in fundamentally different ways than can be achieved with conventional single-frequency stimulation. Coordinated Reset deep brain stimulation (DBS) may affect synaptic plasticity and result in long-lasting (after stimulation is turned off) effects. Spatio-temporal paired pulse stimulation can be used to induce spike timing dependent strengthening or weakening of synaptic connections between brain regions for therapeutic purposes. Burst stimulation may enable cell-type specific targeting, as recently shown in rodent models of DBS for Parkinson’s Disease and in thalamic DBS in humans. Burst stimulation has also shown promise in spinal cord for chronic pain and vagus nerve stimulation for cardiac applications. And multiple hierarchies of temporal patterning may have their own unique effect on the nervous system as evidenced by data on intermittent theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation for the control of depression.

In recent years, numerous developments have taken place in the field of neuromodulation. The introduction of newer technologies, software and increasing understanding of brain physiology in neurological and psychiatric conditions have shaped this rapidly growing field. To create a space where all stakeholders could freely interact to discuss challenges, advancements and opportunities in the field, the first Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Think Tank took place in 2012 in Gainesville Florida at the University of Florida. Since then, the meeting has grown to a hybrid virtual and in person meeting expanding the number of participants to over 200 world experts in the field. The most recent DBS think tank took place in Orlando Florida on August 25th to 27th, 2021. The meeting addressed new research, technologies, and neuroethical issues in the field of neuromodulation.

With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.

This Handbook serves as an authoritative reference book in the field of Neuroengineering. Neuroengineering is a very exciting field that is rapidly getting established as core subject matter for research and education. The Neuroengineering field has also produced an impressive array of industry products and clinical applications. It also serves as a reference book for graduate students, research scholars and teachers. Selected sections or a compendium of chapters may be used as “reference book” for a one or two semester graduate course in Biomedical Engineering. Some academicians will construct a “textbook” out of selected sections or chapters. The Handbook is also meant as a state-of-the-art volume for researchers. Due to its comprehensive coverage, researchers in one field covered by a certain section of the Handbook would find other sections valuable sources of cross-reference for information and fertilization of interdisciplinary ideas. Industry researchers as well as clinicians using neurotechnologies will find the Handbook a single source for foundation and state-of-the-art applications in the field of Neuroengineering. Regulatory agencies, entrepreneurs, investors and legal experts can use the Handbook as a reference for their professional work as well.​

Within our knowledge, the series of the International Conference on Cognitive Neurodynamics (ICCN) is the only conference series dedicating to cognitive neurodynamis. This volume is the proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Neurodynamics held in 2011, which reviews the progress in this field since the 1st ICCN - 2007. The topics include: Neural coding and realistic neural network dynamics, Neural population dynamics, Firing Oscillations and Patterns in Neuronal Networks, Brain imaging, EEG, MEG, Sensory and Motor Dynamics, Global cognitive function, Multi-scalar Neurodynamics - from Physiology to Systems Theory, Neural computing, Emerging Technologies for Brain Computer Interfaces, Neural dynamics of brain disorders.

The focus of this thesis is the interplay of synchrony and adaptivity in complex networks. Synchronization is a ubiquitous phenomenon observed in different contexts in physics, chemistry, biology, neuroscience, medicine, socioeconomic systems, and engineering. Most prominently, synchronization takes place in the brain, where it is associated with cognitive capacities like learning and memory, but is also a characteristic of neurological diseases like Parkinson and epilepsy. Adaptivity is common in many networks in nature and technology, where the connectivity changes in time, i.e., the strength of the coupling is continuously adjusted depending upon the dynamic state of the system, for instance synaptic neuronal plasticity in the brain. This research contributes to a fundamental understanding of various synchronization patterns, including hierarchical multifrequency clusters, chimeras and other partial synchronization states. After a concise survey of the fundamentals of adaptive and complex dynamical networks and synaptic plasticity, in the first part of the thesis the existence and stability of cluster synchronization in globally coupled adaptive networks is discussed for simple paradigmatic phase oscillators as well as for a more realistic neuronal oscillator model with spike-timing dependent plasticity. In the second part of the thesis the interplay of adaptivity and connectivity is investigated for more complex network structures like nonlocally coupled rings, random networks, and multilayer systems. Besides presenting a plethora of novel, sometimes intriguing patterns of synchrony, the thesis makes a number of pioneering methodological advances, where rigorous mathematical proofs are given in the Appendices. These results are of interest not only from a fundamental point of view, but also with respect to challenging applications in neuroscience and technological systems.