The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA) administers conservation programs, such as the Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP, formerly the Conservation Security Program) and the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), to help farmers reduce soil erosion, enhance water supply and quality, and increase wildlife habitat, among other things. This testimony is based on reports on CSP and EQIP, each issued in 2006, and a 2008 report on farm program payments. It discusses: (1) the potential for duplicate payments between CSP and other conservation programs; (2) USDA's process for allocating EQIP funds to the states to optimize environmental benefits; and (3) USDA's management controls over farm program payments.