This overview is a brief introduction to the subjects covered by this book, nanomagnetism and spintronics. The discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect is described together with a short summary of the studies prior to the experiments on GMR. Studies on various kinds of magnetoresistance (MR) effect that were inspired by the GMR effect are reviewed and recent topics are introduced. In many novel phenomena involving the interplay of electric conductance and magnetization, the role of the “spin current” has been revealed to be important and the possibility for exploiting these phenomena in spintronics devices has been suggested. Nanoscale devices are indispensable to fundamental studies on spintronics and also to various technical devices, and therefore gaining an understanding of nanomagnetism is a crucial current issue. At the end of this section, the scope of this book is described in brief with the content of each chapter.

Nanomagnetism and spintronics are two close subfields of nanoscience, explaining the effect of substantial magnetic properties of matter when the materials fabrication is realized at a comparable length size. Nanomagnetism deals with the magnetic phenomena specific to the structures having dimensions in the submicron range. The fact that the electronic transport properties of materials are dependent on the magnetic properties' artificial nanostructures, i.e., giant magnetoresistance (GMR) or tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), has revolutionized spintronics science and technology. This book explains the concepts of nanomagnetism and spintronics by viewing the most recent research works from internationally distinguished research groups. Placing special emphasis on crucial fundamental and technical aspects of nanomagnetism and spintronics, it serves as a one-stop reference for universities offering postgraduate programs in nanotechnology or related disciplines. This unique book deals with all three stages required for conducting research in nanomagnetism and spintronics including fabrication, characterization and applications of nanomagnetic and spintronics materials, providing general concepts and an insightful overview of this subject for research students and scientists from different backgrounds investigating the multidisciplinary area of nanotechnology.

Nanomagnetic Materials: Fabrication, Characterization and Application explores recent studies of conventional nanomagnetic materials in spintronics, data storage, magnetic sensors and biomedical applications. In addition, the book also reviews novel magnetic characteristics induced in two-dimensional materials, diamonds, and those induced by the artificial formation of lattice defect and heterojunction as novel nanomagnetic materials. Nanomagnetic materials are usually based on d- and f-electron systems. They are an important solution to the demand for higher density of information storage, arising from the emergence of novel technologies required for non-volatile memory systems. Advances in the understanding of magnetization dynamics and in the characteristics of nanoparticles or surface of nanomagnetic materials is resulting in greater expansion of applications of nanomagnetic materials, including in biotechnology, sensor devices, energy harvesting, and power generating systems. This book provides a cogent overview of the latest research on novel nanomagnetic materials, including spintronic nanomagnets, molecular nanomagnets, self-assembling magnetic nanomaterials, nanoparticles, multifunctional materials, and heterojunction-induced novel magnetism. - Explains manufacturing principles and process for nanomagnetic materials - Discusses physical and chemical properties and potential industrial applications, such as magnetic data storage, sensors, oscillator, permanent magnets, power generations, and biomedical applications - Assesses the major challenges of using magnetic nanomaterials on a broad scale

The second edition of this book on nanomagnetism presents the basics and latest studies of low-dimensional magnetic nano-objects. It highlights the intriguing properties of nanomagnetic objects, such as thin films, nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, nanodisks and nanorings as well as novel phenomena like spin currents. It also describes how nanomagnetism was an important factor in the rapid evolution of high-density magnetic recording and is developing into a decisive element of spintronics. Further, it presents a number of biomedical applications. With exercises and solutions, it serves as a graduate textbook.

Spintronic 2D Materials: Fundamentals and Applications provides an overview of the fundamental theory of 2D electronic systems that includes a selection of the most intensively investigated 2D materials. The book tells the story of 2D spintronics in a systematic and comprehensive way, providing the growing community of spintronics researchers with a key reference. Part One addresses the fundamental theoretical aspects of 2D materials and spin transport, while Parts Two through Four explore 2D material systems, including graphene, topological insulators, and transition metal dichalcogenides. Each section discusses properties, key issues and recent developments. In addition, the material growth method (from lab to mass production), device fabrication and characterization techniques are included throughout the book. - Discusses the fundamentals and applications of spintronics of 2D materials, such as graphene, topological insulators and transition metal dichalcogenides - Includes an in-depth look at each materials system, from material growth, device fabrication and characterization techniques - Presents the latest solutions on key challenges, such as the spin lifetime of 2D materials, spin-injection efficiency, the potential proximity effects, and much more

With the recent technological advancement usage of unique nanomaterials and bio-based composite materials as sensors has been greatly improved. Biopolymers and bio-based composite materials have especially been exploited due to their unique physical, optical, electrochemical, and biocompatible properties. In this book, experts and researchers in various sensor technology areas discuss the basics of biosensors, the methods used to synthesize different biomaterials, and the characterization and functionalization of these biomaterials. Processes for the self-assembly of biomaterials and the fabrication of biomaterials onto transducers are clearly explained. It also outlines the current status in the field and the utility of such bio-based sensors for medical diagnostics, food safety, industrial, and environmental monitoring. Besides pressure and temperature sensing applications, other applications include detecting gases, chemicals, biomolecules, body fluids, bacteria, and viruses. The book is well illustrated, and the presentation is concise and systematic throughout. Biomaterials-Based Sensors will be an ideal source of up-to-date information for all engaged in their research, design, and use.

This book includes topics in nanophysics, nanotechnology, nanomaterials, sensors, biosensors, security systems, and CBRN agents detection. There have been many significant advances in the past two years and some entirely new directions of research are just opening up. Recent developments in nanotechnology and measurement techniques now allow experimental investigation of the physical properties of nanostructured materials. The book presents new methods for the detection of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) agents using chemical and biochemical sensors. Identification, protection and decontamination are the main scientific and technological responses for the modern challenges of CBRN agents.