Electrochemical capacitors or supercapacitors offer a number of advantages over batteries; they are more safe and reliable, charge quicker, have an indefinite lifespan, exhibit a high power density and a wide range of working temperature. Supercapacitors demonstrate an extraordinary potential in both consumer electronics and large-sized energy storage applications, e.g. in communications, transportation, aviation, and power industries. The book explores recent developments in the area of composite applications for supercapacitor electrodes based von conducting polymers, graphene, biomass, or carbonaceous quantum dots. Synthesis strategies of composite materials and electrode preparation methods are discussed in detail. Electrochemical Capacitors, Supercapacitors, Energy Storage, Supercapacitor Electrodes, Conducting Polymer Composites, Graphene-based Composites, Biomass-based Capacitors, Carbonaceous Quantum Dot Composites, Sol-Gel Synthesis, Sonochemical Synthesis, Polyaniline-Zirconia Nanofibers

This book delivers a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of several types of materials that are widely used in the current era of supercapacitors; namely, architectured carbon materials, transition metal oxides and conducting polymers. It provides readers with a complete introduction to the fundamentals of supercapacitors, including the development of new electrolytes and electrodes, while highlighting the advantages, challenges, applications and future of these materials. This book is part of the Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials. Supercapacitors have emerged as promising devices for electrochemical energy storage, playing an important role in energy harvesting for meeting the current demands of increasing global energy consumption. The handbook covers the materials science and engineering of nanocomposite supercapacitors, ranging from their general characteristics and performance to materials selection, design and construction. Covering both fundamentals and recent developments, this handbook serves a readership encompassing students, professionals and researchers throughout academia and industry, particularly in the fields of materials chemistry, electrochemistry, and energy storage and conversion. It is ideal as a reference work and primary resource for any introductory senior-level undergraduate or beginning graduate course covering supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors have drawn intensive attention owing to their virtues of high power density, long cycle life, short charging time and safe operation for promising applications to resolve problems of limited global energy supply and environmental problems. Supercapacitors are designed to bridge the gap between batteries and capacitors, to form fast charging energy-storage devices of intermediate specific energy. The supercapacitor is an important device in the energy storage and conversion systems, and is used in different applications such as in electric vehicles, uninterruptible power supplies, memory protection of computer electronics and cellular devices.This book serves as a guide in understanding the basics of conducting polymer technology, nanostructurisation of conducting polymers and their composites emerging as a new field of research and development, directed to the creation of new smart materials, especially for supercapacitors.The concepts of supercapacitors are well explained in simple and concise form to avoid the confusion of students and academic professionals. The book has chemical engineering orientation and therefore, professionals from the polymer science field may find this book most suitable for their advanced and applied field of research. It will provide them an opportunity to learn about conducting polymers and nanocomposites, and their production and processing technology for supercapacitors. Although the attention is mainly focused on preparation of conducting polymer based binary and ternary nanocomposites and their electrochemical performances for supercapacitor application, this book will be a valuable reference for scientists, engineers, students and general readers who are interested in the investigation and exploitation of the fascinating new class of conducting polymer nanocomposites.

This book is a result of contributions of experts from international scientific community working in different aspects of nanocomposite science and applications and reports on the state of the art research and development findings on nanocomposites through original and innovative research studies. Through its 19 chapters the reader will have access to works related to the theory, and characterization of various types of nanocomposites such as composites of cellulose and metal nanoparticles, polymer/clay, polymer/Carbon and polymer-graphene nanocomposites and several other exciting topics while it introduces the various applications of nanocomposites in water treatment, supercapacitors, green energy generation, anticorrosive and antistatic applications, hard coatings, antiballistic and electroconductive scaffolds. Besides, it reviews multifunctional nanocomposites, photonics of dielectric nanostructures and electron scattering in nanocomposite materials.

Electrochemical capacitors are most important for the development of future energy storage systems and sustainable power sources. New superior hybrid supercapacitors are based on binary and ternary thin film nanocomposites involving carbon, metal oxides and polymeric materials. The synthesis of materials and fabrication of electrodes for supercapacitor applications is discussed in detail. The book also presents the fundamental theory and a thorough literature review of supercapacitors. Energy Storage, Electrochemical Capacitors, Nanocomposites, Hybrid Supercapacitors, Carbon/Metal Oxide Composites, Metal Oxides/Hydroxides Composites, Polymer Type Capacitors, Nanoscience, Hydrothermal Synthesis, Graphene-based Composites, Ultrasonic Assisted Synthesis

Presently there are deep concerns over the environmental consequences and the consumption of non-renewable energy sources, with the accelerated greenhouse effect, triggered enormous interest in the use of renewable energy sources e.g., solar, hydropower, wind and geothermal. However the intermittent nature of harvesting renewable energy sources has recently gained considerable attention in the alternative reliable, cost effective, and environmentally friendly energy storage devices. The supercapacitor and lithium ion batteries are considered more efficient electrical energy storage devices than conventional energy storage systems. Both devices have many useful and important applications; they could be an excellent source for high power and high energy density, especially in portable electronic devices and Electrical Vehicles (EVs) or Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEVs). In order to make the efficient usage of these stationary energy storage devices, state of the art research on new and advanced electrode materials is highly needed. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the scope of graphene/metal oxide-conducting polymer nanocomposites electrodes for light weight, high power density and wider voltage window supercapacitor devices. The facile chemical polymerization approach was used to synthesize the aromatic and heterocyclic conducting polymer nanocomposites. For aromatic nanocomposites, several materials were synthesized includes ZnO-PANI, ZnO/G-PANI, RuO2-PANI and G-PANI. Subsequently these materials have been characterized by physical, structural techniques e.g Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Xray-Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).

This book covers the performance aspects of nanocomposite supercapacitor materials based on transition metal oxides, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene and conducting polymers. It compares the performance of simple electrode materials versus binary and ternary composites, while highlighting the advantages and challenges of different supercapacitor electrode materials. This book is part of the Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials. Supercapacitors have emerged as promising devices for electrochemical energy storage, playing an important role in energy harvesting for meeting the current demands of increasing global energy consumption. The handbook covers the materials science and engineering of nanocomposite supercapacitors, ranging from their general characteristics and performance to materials selection, design and construction. Covering both fundamentals and recent developments, this handbook serves a readership encompassing students, professionals and researchers throughout academia and industry, particularly in the fields of materials chemistry, electrochemistry, and energy storage and conversion. It is ideal as a reference work and primary resource for any introductory senior-level undergraduate or beginning graduate course covering supercapacitors.