Tutorials on Mössbauer Spectroscopy Since the discovery of the Mössbauer Effect many excellent books have been published for researchers and for doctoral and master level students. However, there appears to be no textbook available for final year bachelor students, nor for people working in industry who have received only basic courses in classical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, chemistry and materials science. The challenge of this book is to give an introduction to Mössbauer Spectroscopy for this level. The ultimate goal of this book is to give this audience not only a scientific introduction to the technique, but also to demonstrate in an attractive way the power of Mössbauer Spectroscopy in many fields of science, in order to create interest among the readers in joining the community of Mössbauer spectroscopists. This is particularly important at times where in many Mössbauer laboratories succession is at stake. This book will be used as a textbook for the tutorial sessions, organized at the occasion of the 2011 International Conference on the Application of Mössbauer Spectroscopy (ICAME2011) in Tokyo.

Mössbauer Effect: Principles and Applications focuses on the processes, methodologies, and reactions involved in Mössbauer effect, as well as atomic motion, use of the effect in studying hyperfine structures, quadropole coupling, and isomer shift. The manuscript first discusses resonant absorption, emission of gamma rays by nuclei, width of gamma-ray spectrum, and emission from bound atoms. The text then surveys counting, modulation, and low-temperature techniques. The publication offers information on relativity and the Mössbauer effect, atomic motion, quadropole coupling, and magnetic hyperfine structure. Discussions focus on gravitational red shift and combined magnetic and electric hyperfine coupling. The text then evaluates magnetism of metals and alloys, chemical applications, and linewidth and line shape. The manuscript is a valuable source of data for physicists and readers interested in the Mössbauer effect.

The effect which now bears his name, was discovered in 1958 by Rudolf Mössbauer at the Technical University of Munich. At first, this appeared to be a phenomenon related to nuclear energy levels that provided some information about excited state lifetimes and quantum properties. However, it soon became apparent that Mössbauer spectroscopy had applications in such diverse fields as general relativity, solid state physics, chemistry, materials science, biology, medical physics, archeology and art. It is the extreme sensitivity of the effect to the atomic environment around the probe atom as well as the ability to apply the technique to some interesting and important elements, most notably iron, that is responsible for the Mössbauer effect's extensive use. The present volume reviews the historical development of the Mössbauer effect, the experimental details, the basic physics of hyperfine interactions and some of the numerous applications of Mössbauer effect spectroscopy.

Rudolph Mossbauer discovered the phenomenon of recoil-free nuclear resonance fluorescence in 1957-58 and the first indications of hyperfine interactions in a chemical compound were obtained by Kistner and Sunyar in 1960. From these beginnings the technique of Mossbauer spectroscopy rapidly emerged and the astonishing versatility of this new technique soon led to its extensive application to a wide variety of chemical and solid-state problems. This book reviews the results obtained by Mossbauer spectroscopy during the past ten years in the belief that this will provide a firm basis for the continued development and application of the technique to new problems in the future. It has been our aim to write a unified and consistent treatment which firstly presents the basic principles underlying the phenomena involved, then outlines the experimental techniques used, and finally summarises the wealth of experimental and theoretical results which have been obtained. We have tried to give some feeling for the physical basis of the Mossbauer effect with out extensive use of mathematical formalism, and some appreciation of the experimental methods employed without embarking on a detailed discussion of electronics and instrumentation. However, full references to the original literature are provided and particular points can readily be pursued in more detail if required.

This is the fifth volume of a series which provides acontinuing forum for publication of developments in Mossbauer effect methodology and of spectroscopy and its applications. Mossbauer Effect Methodology, Volume 5, records the proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Mossbauer Effect Methodology. The sym posium was sponsored by the New England Nuclear Corporation and was centered on the themes of spectroscopy, new applications, and methodology. The symposium was held in the Mercury Ballroom of the New York Hilton hotel on February 2, 1969. Dr. P. A. Flinn of Carnegie Mellon Institute was chairman of the afternoon and evening sessions. About three hundred participants attended, and this degree of interest leads us to anticipate a sixth symposium early in 1970. Elron Electronic Industries and Reuter-Stokes Electronic Components Company demonstrated lines of equipment for Mossbauer investigators. The evident high quality of the commercial instrumenta tion available is a tribute to the growth of Mossbauer technology and to the manufacturers.

This up-to-date review closes an important gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive description of the Mössbauer effect in lattice dynamics, along with a collection of applications in metals, alloys, amorphous solids, molecular crystals, thin films, and nanocrystals. It is the first to systematically compare Mössbauer spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation to conventional Mössbauer spectroscopy, discussing in detail its advantages and capabilities, backed by the latest theoretical developments and experimental examples. Intended as a self-contained volume that may be used as a complete reference or textbook, it adopts new pedagogical approaches with several non-traditional and refreshing theoretical expositions, while all quantitative relations are derived with the necessary details so as to be easily followed by the reader. Two entire chapters are devoted to the study of the dynamics of impurity atoms in solids, while a thorough description of the Mannheim model as a theoretical method is presented and its predictions compared to experimental results. Finally, an in-depth analysis of absorption of Mössbauer radiation is presented, based on recent research by one of the authors, resulting in an exact expression of fractional absorption, otherwise unavailable in the literature. The whole is supplemented by elaborate appendices containing constants and parameters.

The past twenty five years - roughly the period from 1960 to 1985 - have been by all measures among the most exciting and challenging times of our science. The increasing sensitivity of chemical instrumentation, the introduction of the routine use of computers for data reduction and of microprocessors for instrumental control, the wide-spread utilization of lasers, and the disappearance of traditional disciplinary boundaries between scientific fields are but a few of the examples one could cite to support the introductory contention. Almost all of these developments have had their impact on the development of Mossbauer Effect Spectroscopy into a technique par excellence for the elucidation of problems in all areas of chemistry and its associated sister sciences. Indeed, because this spectroscopy is based on fundamental phenomena in nuclear physics, is described in terms of the theory of the solid state and structural chemistry, is useful in the understanding of chemical reactivity and biological phenomena, and can serve to supplement information developed by many other experimental techniques, it has provided an unparalleled opportunity for the exchange of ideas among practitioners of a very wide variety of subfields of the physical and biological sciences. The present collection of contributions is the direct result of such an interaction.