The inclusion of small guest molecules within suitable host compounds results in constrained systems that imbue novel properties upon the incarcerated organic substrates. Supramolecular tactics are becoming widely employed and this treatise spotlights them. Often, the impact of encapsulation on product formation is substantial. The use of constrained systems offers the means to steer reactions along desired pathways. A broad overview of various supramolecular approaches aimed to manipulate chemical reactions are featured. The following topics are covered in detail: - general concepts governing the assembly of the substrate with the reaction vessel - preparation of molecular reactors - stabilization of reactive intermediates - reactions in water, in organic solvents, and in the solid state - photochemical reactions - reactions with unusual regioselectivity Molecular Encapsulation: Organic Reactions in Constrained Systems is an essential guide to the art of changing the outcome and the selectivity of a chemical reaction using nano-sized reaction vessels. It will find a place on the bookshelves of students and researchers working in the areas of supramolecular chemistry, nanotechnology, organic and pharmaceutical chemistry, and materials science as well.

Encapsulation of Active Molecules and Their Delivery System covers the key methods of preparation of encapsulation, as well as release mechanisms and their applications in food, biotechnology, metal protection, drug delivery, and micronutrients delivery in agriculture. The book also provides real-life examples of applications in food and other industries. Sections encompasses (i) Synthesis and characterization methods of micro- and nanocarriers as the delivery systems, (ii) Up-to-date encapsulation techniques in the areas of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and corrosion, (iii) The release methods of the encapsulated materials, and (iv) Industry perspectives, including scale up of the processes. - Focuses on encapsulation processes in chemical and materials engineering and biotechnology - Provides a relevant resource for the pharmaceutical and food industries - Presents wide coverage on the entrapment of molecules that scales-up to industrial sized needs

Encapsulation of Active Molecules and Their Delivery System covers the key methods of preparation of encapsulation, as well as release mechanisms and their applications in food, biotechnology, metal protection, drug delivery, and micronutrients delivery in agriculture. The book also provides real-life examples of applications in food and other industries. Sections encompasses (i) Synthesis and characterization methods of micro- and nanocarriers as the delivery systems, (ii) Up-to-date encapsulation techniques in the areas of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and corrosion, (iii) The release methods of the encapsulated materials, and (iv) Industry perspectives, including scale up of the processes. Focuses on encapsulation processes in chemical and materials engineering and biotechnology Provides a relevant resource for the pharmaceutical and food industries Presents wide coverage on the entrapment of molecules that scales-up to industrial sized needs

This fundamental book presents the most comprehensive summary of the current state of the art in the chemistry of cage compounds. It introduces different ways of how ions and molecules can be encapsulated by three-dimensional caging ligands to form molecular and polymeric species: covalent, supramolecular, and coordination capsules. The authors introduce their classification, reactivity, and selected practical applications. Because encapsulation can isolate caged ions and molecules from external factors, the encapsulated species can exhibit unique physical and chemical properties. The resulting specific reactivity and selectivity can open up a range of applications, including chemical separation, recognition, chiral separation, catalysis, applications as sensors or probes, as molecular or supramolecular devices, or molecular carriers (cargo).A particularly strong emphasis in this book is on the summary and review of the synthesis of various types of cage compounds. Readers will find over 850 literature references summarized and clearly represented in over 600 schemes and illustrations. The book is structured by the types of caging ligands (covalent, supramolecular, or coordination capsules). The authors further arranged the chapters by ligand classes and types of encapsulated species (neutral molecules, anions, or cations). Readers will hence find an exhaustive reference resource and summary of the current state of research into encapsulated species, nowadays almost a separated realm of modern chemistry.

Cyclodextrins (CD) are cyclic oligosaccharides containing 6, 7 or 8 glucose units (α, β or γ-CD, respectively) in a truncated molecular shape. Their cyclic molecular structure contains a hydrophilic surface and a hydrophobic cavity at the center that can interact (host) with external hydrophobic compounds (guest molecules). Cyclodextrins have been categorized as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) in the USA, “natural products” in Japan, and as “novel food” in Australia, New Zealand and EU countries. They are therefore widely used in food production to encapsulate hydrophobic compounds, including solid, liquid and gas molecules, in order to solubilize, stabilize or control the release rate of these components. To date, there has been no comprehensive review of the very large number of studies performed on encapsulation using cyclodextrin powders for food applications in recent years. This text fills that gap for academics in the encapsulation field and for industry professionals who want to gain a solid understanding of encapsulation functionality of cyclodextrin powders. The book consists of 16 chapters in which chapter 1 introduces cyclodextrin properties and its applications in food processing, and chapters 2-16 explore applications of cyclodextrin in encapsulation for many guest compounds. These compounds include gases, flavors, colors, pigments, polyphenols (plant bioactive compounds), essential oils, lipids (cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids), vitamins, fruit ripening controlling compounds, and antifungal and antimicrobial compounds. These chapters also discuss functionalities of cyclodextrin in packaging, masking off-flavor and off-taste, and as dietary fiber. Covering a broad range of cyclodextrin applications and suitable for both newcomers to encapsulation technology and those with experience, Functionality of Cyclodextrins in Encapsulation for Food Applications is a unique and essential reference on this increasingly important topic.

In the past several decades, molecular self-assembly has emerged as one of the main themes in chemistry, biology, and materials science. This book compiles and details cutting-edge research in molecular assemblies ranging from self-organized peptide nanostructures and DNA-chromophore foldamers to supramolecular systems and metal-directed assemblies