Modern Sentimentalism examines how American female novelists reinvented sentimentalism in the modernist period. Just as the birth of the modern woman has long been imagined as the death of sentimental feeling, modernist literary innovation has been understood to reject sentimental aesthetics. Modern Sentimentalism reframes these perceptions of cultural evolution. Taking up icons such as the New Woman, the flapper, the free lover, the New Negro woman, and the divorcee, this book argues that these figures embody aspects of a traditional sentimentality while also recognizing sentiment as incompatible with ideals of modern selfhood. These double binds equally beleaguer the protagonists and shape the styles of writers like Willa Cather, Edith Wharton, Anita Loos, and Jessie Fauset. 'Modern sentimentalism' thus translates nineteenth-century conventions of sincerity and emotional fulfillment into the skeptical, self-conscious modes of interwar cultural production. Reading canonical and under-examined novels in concert with legal briefs, scientific treatises, and other transatlantic period discourse, and combining traditional and quantitative methods of archival research, Modern Sentimentalism demonstrates that feminine feeling, far from being peripheral to twentieth-century modernism, animates its central principles and preoccupations.

"Modern Sentimentalism" chronicles the myriad ways in which sentimentalism evolves as modernism emerges. I demonstrate that sentimental aesthetics are more complex than we have thought and that these aesthetics participate in modern literary innovation. I likewise demonstrate that modernity, and the American interwar period in particular, enjoys a more complex relation to the sentimental than we have understood, and that twentieth-century constructs of gender and emotion equally revise and restyle sentimental precedent. Finally, I demonstrate that, when it comes to analyzing historical cultures of feeling, contemporary theories of affect have much to gain from archival methods. Synthesizing these claims, I identify a new form of feeling in modern aesthetic experience. Neither an idealized lapse into the past nor a naïve vision of the future, what I call "modern sentimentalism" most often registers the ironic consciousness of an enduring sentimental impulse. "Modern Sentimentalism" thus overturns conventional notions of sentimentalism as a nineteenth-century style antithetical to modern artistic innovation and to representations of modern sensibility. Participating in recent efforts to contextualize modernism and adding new historical and formalist dimensions to theories of twentieth-century sentimentality and affect, I reconstruct sentiment's authoritative influence in the interwar period's shifting constructions of gender, race, and sexuality; emergent concepts of emotional experience like "ambivalence" and "empathy"; and evolving literary interests like irony and stream-of-consciousness narration. "Modern Sentimentalism" thus enriches our understanding of the originality and experimentation that characterize modernist-era literary production. At the same time, this project elucidates an archive of fiction by female authors, including lesser-known novels by canonical figures like Edith Wharton and Willa Cather and texts by under-studied authors like Anita Loos, Frances Newman, and Jessie Redmon Fauset. These authors idiosyncratically revise and update the aesthetic paradigm that forms a modern woman writer's most obvious inheritance, but their novels collectively establish that interwar concepts of gender, emotion, and literature do not simply break with a sentimental past. Rather, these authors and their inventive modern novels signal how sentimentalism transforms with the times.

What is the sentimental? How can we understand it by way of the visual and narrative modes of signification specific to cinema and through the manners of social interaction and collective imagining specific to a particular culture in transition? What can the sentimental tell us about the precarious foundations of human coexistence in this age of globalization? Rey Chow explores these questions through nine contemporary Chinese directors (Chen Kaige, Wong Kar-wai, Zhang Yimou, Ann Hui, Peter Chan, Wayne Wang, Ang Lee, Li Yang, and Tsai Ming-liang) whose accomplishments have become historic events in world cinema. Approaching their works from multiple perspectives, including the question of origins, nostalgia, the everyday, feminine "psychic interiority," commodification, biopolitics, migration, education, homosexuality, kinship, and incest, and concluding with an account of the Chinese films' epistemic affinity with the Hollywood blockbuster Brokeback Mountain, Chow proposes that the sentimental is a discursive constellation traversing affect, time, identity, and social mores, a constellation whose contours tends to morph under different historical circumstances and in different genres and media. In contemporary Chinese films, she argues, the sentimental consistently takes the form not of revolution but of compromise, not of radical departure but of moderation, endurance, and accommodation. By naming these films sentimental fabulations screen artifacts of cultural becoming with irreducible aesthetic, conceptual, and speculative logics of their own Chow presents Chinese cinema first and foremost as an invitation to the pleasures and challenges of critical thinking.

Today’s critical establishment assumes that sentimentalism is an eighteenth- and nineteenth-century literary mode that all but disappeared by the twentieth century. In this book, Jennifer Williamson argues that sentimentalism is alive and well in the modern era. By examining working-class literature that adopts the rhetoric of “feeling right” in order to promote a proletarian or humanist ideology as well as neo-slave narratives that wrestle with the legacy of slavery and cultural definitions of African American families, she explores the ways contemporary authors engage with familiar sentimental clichés and ideals. Williamson covers new ground by examining authors who are not generally read for their sentimental narrative practices, considering the proletarian novels of Grace Lumpkin, Josephine Johnson, and John Steinbeck alongside neo-slave narratives written by Margaret Walker, Octavia Butler, and Toni Morrison. Through careful close readings, Williamson argues that the appropriation of sentimental modes enables both sympathetic thought and systemic action in the proletarian and neo-slave novels under discussion. She contrasts appropriations that facilitate such cultural work with those that do not, including Kathryn Stockett’s novel and film The Help. The book outlines how sentimentalism remains a viable and important means of promoting social justice while simultaneously recognizing and exploring how sentimentality can further white privilege. Sentimentalism is not only alive in the twentieth century. It is a flourishing rhetorical practice among a range of twentieth-century authors who use sentimental tactics in order to appeal to their readers about a range of social justice issues. This book demonstrates that at stake in their appeals is who is inside and outside of the American family and nation.

Sentimentalism, Ethics and the Culture of Feeling defends feeling against customary distrust or condescension by showing that the affective turn of the eighteenth-century cult of sentiment, despite its sometimes surreal manifestations, has led to a positive culture of feeling. The very reaction against sentimentalism has taught us to identity sentimentality. Fiction, moreover, remains a principal means not just of discriminating quality of feeling but of appreciating its essentially imaginative nature.