This book shows how the load unit was created, and how it changed from the simplest basket to the modern metal container. A model of the stages of change of the load unit is presented, and the reasons for the changes and a possible new path of development are indicated.

The use of modeling and simulation tools is rapidly gaining prominence in the pharmaceutical industry covering a wide range of applications. This book focuses on modeling and simulation tools as they pertain to drug product manufacturing processes, although similar principles and tools may apply to many other areas. Modeling tools can improve fundamental process understanding and provide valuable insights into the manufacturing processes, which can result in significant process improvements and cost savings. With FDA mandating the use of Quality by Design (QbD) principles during manufacturing, reliable modeling techniques can help to alleviate the costs associated with such efforts, and be used to create in silico formulation and process design space. This book is geared toward detailing modeling techniques that are utilized for the various unit operations during drug product manufacturing. By way of examples that include case studies, various modeling principles are explained for the nonexpert end users. A discussion on the role of modeling in quality risk management for manufacturing and application of modeling for continuous manufacturing and biologics is also included. - Explains the commonly used modeling and simulation tools - Details the modeling of various unit operations commonly utilized in solid dosage drug product manufacturing - Practical examples of the application of modeling tools through case studies - Discussion of modeling techniques used for a risk-based approach to regulatory filings - Explores the usage of modeling in upcoming areas such as continuous manufacturing and biologics manufacturingBullet points

Intelligent traffic and transport systems combine the skills and management technologies of engineering, artificial intelligence, information technology and telecommunications to improve the efficiency of traffic and transport, benefitting the environment by reducing air and noise pollution and helping to create traffic free zones in cities. The management of public transport systems and vehicle fleets can also be improved by the provision of on-line information and better communication. This book presents the proceedings of ICITT2022, the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Traffic and Transportation, held in Paris, France from 25 – 27 September 2022. ICITT is a major annual event for the academics, researchers and industrialists engaged in intelligent traffic and transportation research, and is a friendly and inclusive platform that brings together a broad community of researchers sharing the common goal of developing and managing the engineering and technology key to sustaining the success of the intelligent traffic and transportation industries. The theme of the 2022 conference was Smart Digital Traffic and Transportation, and the book includes 15 papers, selected after a rigorous peer-review process. The papers are divided into 4 sections, which cover intelligent traffic and transportation; transportation in future smart cities; mobility and cyber-physical systems; and intelligent automation and ICT-enabled collaborative global systems. Covering a wide range of topics, the book will be of interest to all those working in the field of intelligent traffic and transportation.

Proceedings of the Ninth Power Systems Computation Conference

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computational Logistics, ICCL 2016, held in Lisbon, Portugal, in September 2016. The 29 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. They are organized in topical sections entitled: container terminals and maritime transportation; intermodal transport; location and routing; (general) logistics and supply chain management.