Strategies and methods: Basics of modeling strategies, The role and relationship of the database with insect population models, Nonlinear dynamics and chaos, Artificial intelligence approaches, Computer development, Synthesis and measurement of temperature, Near-surface soil temperature model for biophysical development models; Insect population dynamics: Representation of development, Modeling insect mortality, Modeling insect recruitment, A model for long-distance moth dispersal, Integrated decision model for velvetbean caterpillar control, Application of cim for control decision on heliothis.