Model checking is one of the most successful verification techniques and has been widely adopted in traditional computing and communication hardware and software industries. This book provides the first systematic introduction to model checking techniques applicable to quantum systems, with broad potential applications in the emerging industry of quantum computing and quantum communication as well as quantum physics. Suitable for use as a course textbook and for self-study, graduate and senior undergraduate students will appreciate the step-by-step explanations and the exercises included. Researchers and engineers in the related fields can further develop these techniques in their own work, with the final chapter outlining potential future applications.

The first book introducing computer aided verification techniques for quantum systems with quantum computing and communication hardware.

The concept of a computer operating on the quantum level is unquestionably one of the most fascinating new breakthroughs at the leading edge of the computer industry and even of the scientific community as a whole. It has a really alluring sound to it, and it gives off the impression that good things are about to happen. Before we start going into the theories and principles of quantum computing, not to mention its mystery and the prospective uses of this technology, there are a few obvious and basic issues that need to be answered. These questions need to be posed. Why even consider the potential of quantum computing in the first place? There does not seem to be any hint of an impending change in the trajectory of this trend, which means that the development of conventional computers is still making substantial advance. In addition to this, the creation of quantum computers seems to be beset by a great deal of uncertainty and will almost likely result in enormous expenditures. This is true in each and every respect. In spite of this, there are at least four very good reasons to look into quantum computing in as much detail as is physically possible. The studys of quantum computing has a number of challenging obstacles. A issue that is not only exceedingly fundamental but also highly organic. In point of fact, the current level of our understanding indicates that the fundamental property of the physical world that we occupy is that of quantum mechanics. Each and every computer is a tangible piece of equipment, and each and every computation that is carried out is a physical operation. The investigation of the potentials, laws, and restrictions of quantum physics is thus a fundamental job, as well as our obligation, in order to carry out information processing and transmission. Even though this is something that is only rarely brought up in a clear manner, all conventional computers and models of computers, which are built on traditional physics; as a consequence, they are not entirely applicable. This is despite the fact that this is something that is only rarely brought up in a clear manner.

Quantum computers promise dramatic advantages in processing speed over currently available computer systems. Quantum computing offers great promise in a wide variety of computing and scientific research, including Quantum cryptography, machine learning, computational biology, renewable energy, computer-aided drug design, generative chemistry, and any scientific or enterprise application that requires computation speed or reach beyond the limits of current conventional computer systems. Foundations of Quantum Programming, Second Edition discusses how programming methodologies and technologies developed for current computers can be extended for quantum computers, along with new programming methodologies and technologies that can effectively exploit the unique power of quantum computing. The Second Edition includes two new chapters describing programming models and methodologies for parallel and distributed quantum computers. The author has also included two new chapters to introduce Quantum Machine Learning and its programming models – parameterized and differential quantum programming. In addition, the First Edition's preliminaries chapter has been split into three chapters, with two sections for quantum Turing machines and random access stored program machines added to give the reader a more complete picture of quantum computational models. Finally, several other new techniques are introduced in the Second Edition, including invariants of quantum programs and their generation algorithms, and abstract interpretation of quantum programs. - Demystifies the theory of quantum programming using a step-by-step approach - Includes methodologies, techniques, and tools for the development, analysis, and verification of quantum programs and quantum cryptographic protocols - Covers the interdisciplinary nature of quantum programming by providing preliminaries from quantum mechanics, mathematics, and computer science, and pointing out its potential applications to quantum engineering and physics - Presents a coherent and self-contained treatment that will be valuable for academic and industrial researchers and developers - Adds new developments such as parallel and distributed quantum programming; and introduces several new program analysis techniques such as invariants generation and abstract interpretation

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th Symposium on Formal Methods, FM 2021, held virtually in November 2021. The 43 full papers presented together with 4 invited presentations were carefully reviewed and selected from 131 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections named: Invited Presentations. - Interactive Theorem Proving, Neural Networks & Active Learning, Logics & Theory, Program Verification I, Hybrid Systems, Program Verification II, Automata, Analysis of Complex Systems, Probabilities, Industry Track Invited Papers, Industry Track, Divide et Impera: Efficient Synthesis of Cyber-Physical System.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Formal Methods, FM 2015, held in Oslo, Norway, in June 2015. The 30 full papers and 2 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 124 submissions. The papers cover a wide spectrum of all the different aspects of the use of and the research on formal methods for software development.