This book describes the use of low-power low-cost and extremely small radios to provide essential time reference for wireless sensor networks. The authors explain how to integrate such radios in a standard CMOS process to reduce both cost and size, while focusing on the challenge of designing a fully integrated time reference for such radios. To enable the integration of the time reference, system techniques are proposed and analyzed, several kinds of integrated time references are reviewed, and mobility-based references are identified as viable candidates to provide the required accuracy at low-power consumption. Practical implementations of a mobility-based oscillator and a temperature sensor are also presented, which demonstrate the required accuracy over a wide temperature range, while drawing 51-uW from a 1.2-V supply in a 65-nm CMOS process.

This book presents the latest research results in the area of secure localization for both wireless mobile ad hoc networks and wireless sensor networks. It is suitable as a text for computer science courses in wireless systems and security. It includes implementation studies with mica2 mote sensors. Due to the open spectrum nature of wireless communication, it is subject to attacks and intrusions. Hence the wireless network synchronization needs to be both robust and secure. Furthermore, issues such as energy constraints and mobility make the localization process even more challenging. The book will also interest developers of secure wireless systems.

This book is the definitive guide to the techniques and applications of position location, covering both terrestrial and satellite systems. It gives all the techniques, theoretical models, and algorithms that engineers need to improve their current location schemes and to develop future location algorithms and systems. Comprehensive coverage is given to system design trade-offs, complexity issues, and the design of efficient positioning algorithms to enable the creation of high-performance location positioning systems. Traditional methods are also reexamined in the context of the challenges posed by reconfigurable and multihop networks. Applications discussed include wireless networks (WiFi, ZigBee, UMTS, and DVB networks), cognitive radio, sensor networks and multihop networks. Features Contains a complete guide to models, techniques, and applications of position location Includes applications to wireless networks, demonstrating the relevance of location positioning to these "hot" areas in research and development Covers system design trade-offs and the design of efficient positioning algorithms, enabling the creation of future location positioning systems Provides a theoretical underpinning for understanding current position location algorithms, giving researchers a foundation to develop future algorithms David Muñoz is Director and César Vargas is a member of the Center for Electronics and Telecommunications, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico. Frantz Bouchereau is a senior communications software developer at The MathWorks Inc. in Natick, MA. Rogerio Enríquez-Caldera is at Instituto Nacional de Atrofisica, Optica y Electronica (INAOE), Puebla, Mexico. Contains a complete guide to models, techniques and applications of position location Includes applications to wireless networks (WiFi, ZigBee, DVB networks), cognitive radio, sensor networks and reconfigurable and multi-hop networks, demonstrating the relevance of location positioning to these ‘hot’ areas in research and development Covers system design trade-offs, and the design of efficient positioning algorithms enables the creation of future location positioning systems Provides a theoretical underpinning for understanding current position location algorithms, giving researchers a foundation to develop future algorithms

The combination of mobility with wireless networks greatly expands the application space of both robots and distributed sensor networks; such a pervasive system can enable seamless integration between the digital and physical worlds. However, there are a number of issues in both robotic and wireless sensor network (WSN) fields that demand research, and their integration generates further challenges. A fundamental open problem in robotic systems is the issue of self-contained localization. Especially difficult when considering small scale flying robots, the ability to determine one's position using only on-board sensing is necessary for autonomous robots. GINA, a small wireless inertial measurement unit weighing only 1.6~g was designed to calculate the 6 degree of freedom position of a rigid body. Together with necessary software and hardware, the resulting WARPWING platform served as a highly capable and versatile flight controller for micro air vehicles (MAVs). As an open source hardware project, WARPWING further enabled other unrelated research projects by abstracting away the electronic system design. As designed, the WARPWING platform was used to control small flying robots. Rocket systems can be used to deliver microelectronic sensor nodes into low earth orbit (LEO) as tiny satellites; analysis of the mechanical parameters demonstrates the feasibility of using a small scale multistage solid fuel guided chemical rocket to deliver a small payload into an orbital trajectory given a suitable controller. Helicopters, similar to rockets, employ attitude control to effect stability and guidance, and so share similar control requirements. Off the shelf toy helicopters can be used as a mechanical airframe; replacing the control electronics with the GINA board enables the design of autonomous MAVs. Purely inertial operation of the GINA board provided stability control, but accumulated drift inhibited guidance control. To calculate position, the state estimator was augmented with additional vision-based sensors such as the VICON motion capture system or an on-board smart camera aimed at an infrared beacon. The GINA board, containing a wireless enabled processor, was also a platform for WSN research. The key design parameter in WSN systems is power consumption; minimizing energy requirements extends node and system lifetime or lowers required battery mass. A time synchronized, channel hopping (TSCH) medium access control (MAC) protocol, standardized as the IEEE 802.15.4e specification, combines time division multiple access with frequency diversity to ensure reliable, robust low power communication across environmental conditions. This TSCH protocol can be augmented with a variable data rate coding scheme at the physical (PHY) layer to further improve power saving and scalability. The environmental conditions that enable higher data rates also allow wireless communication with imprecise frequency references. A modified PHY layer with frequency offset compensation can be used to implement crystal-free radios with on-board LC oscillators. Enabling multi-hop networking to mobile MAVs required combining the previous two research thrusts. A helicopter augmented with a payload bay could deploy GINA nodes as wireless repeaters along a flight path, and communicate along them to a base station acting as its controller. The base station can be further connected to the internet; a mobile phone application was used to interface to a remote helicopter over a hybrid multi-hop path, passing downstream control commands and receiving upstream video images. To maintain the performance and reliability benefits of TSCH mesh networks in the presence of such MAV elements, the protocols designed for stationary networks were redesigned with extensions optimized for mobile nodes. This work on an integrated system as well as the separate subsystems paves the path towards networked robots. Future work can focus on system-level solutions to fully implement the vision of smart pervasive mobile swarms.

This publication represents the best thinking and solutions to a myriad of contemporary issues in wireless networks. Coverage includes wireless LANs, multihop wireless networks, and sensor networks. Readers are provided with insightful guidance in tackling such issues as architecture, protocols, modeling, analysis, and solutions. The book also highlights economic issues, market trends, emerging, cutting-edge applications, and new paradigms, such as middleware for RFID, smart home design, and "on-demand business" in the context of pervasive computing. Mobile, Wireless, and Sensor Networks is divided into three distinct parts: * Recent Advances in Wireless LANs and Multihop Wireless Networks * Recent Advances and Research in Sensor Networks * Middleware, Applications, and New Paradigms In developing this collected work, the editors have emphasized two objectives: * Helping readers bridge the gap and understand the relationship between practice and theory * Helping readers bridge the gap and understand the relationships and common links among different types of wireless networks Chapters are written by an international team of researchers and practitioners who are experts and trendsetters in their fields. Contributions represent both industry and academia, including IBM, National University of Singapore, Panasonic, Intel, and Seoul National University. Students, researchers, and practitioners who need to stay abreast of new research and take advantage of the latest techniques in wireless communications will find this publication indispensable. Mobile, Wireless, and Sensor Networks provides a clear sense of where the industry is now, what challenges it faces, and where it is heading.

Wireless sensor networks have become an intricate and necessary addition to daily life by providing an energy efficient way to collect and monitor data while rerouting the information to a centralized location. As the application of these networks becomes more common, it becomes imperative to evaluate their effectiveness, as well as other opportunities for possible implementation in the future. The Handbook of Research on Wireless Sensor Network Trends, Technologies, and Applications provides inclusive coverage on the processing and applications of wireless communication, sensor networks, and mobile computing. Investigating emergent research and theoretical concepts in the area of wireless sensors and their applications to daily life, this handbook of research is a critical reference source for students, researchers, engineers, scientists, and working professionals.

This book fills a gap in the existing literature by combining a plethora of WSN-based emerging technologies into a single source so that reviewers can form opinions regarding these technologies. It presents different types of emerging communication technologies based on WSNs and describes how wireless sensor networks can be integrated with other communication technologies. It covers many of the new techniques and demonstrates the application of WSNs. The book is composed of 14 chapters, divided into four parts.