This volume covers the current status of research in the neurobiology of motivated behaviors in humans and other animals in healthy condition. This includes consideration of the psychological processes that drive motivated behavior and the anatomical, electrophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms which drive these processes and regulate behavioural output. The volume also includes chapters on pathological disturbances in motivation including apathy, or motivational deficit as well as addictions, the pathological misdirection of motivated behavior. As with the chapters on healthy motivational processes, the chapters on disease provide a comprehensive up to date review of the neurobiological abnormalities that underlie motivation, as determined by studies of patient populations as well as animal models of disease. The book closes with a section on recent developments in treatments for motivational disorders.

"When I first came across Nouwen's phase 'downward mobility, ' it struck me as radical, counterintuitive, and profoundly true. His reminder of Jesus' message goes against nearly everything in modern life, but ignoring it has led to most of the urgent problems we now face: global warming, poverty, and a deep sense of alienation. Perhaps it is not too late to change, and Henri Nouwen has shown the way." Philip Yancy In this short work, Henri Nouwen offers a penetrating reflection on the challenge of the spiritual life, especially the call to imitate Christ's example of "downward mobility." Illustrated with drawings by Vincent van Gogh, The Selfless Way of Christ is an inspiring guide for ministers and everyone walking the path of discipleship.

This book provides an extensive, up-to-date overview of the ways in which information and communication technologies (ICTs) can be used to develop tourism and hospitality. The coverage encompasses a wide variety of topics within the field, including virtual reality, sharing economy and peer-to-peer accommodation, social media use, hotel technology, big data, robotics, and recommendation systems, to name but a few. The content is based on the 2019 ENTER eTourism conference, organized in Nicosia, Cyprus by the International Federation for Information Technologies and Travel & Tourism (IFITT) – the leading independent global community for the discussion, exchange, and development of knowledge on the use and impact of new ICTs in the travel and tourism industry. The book offers a global perspective and rich source of information on important innovations and novel ideas. Though it will prove especially valuable for academics working in the eTourism field, it will also be of considerable interest to practitioners and students.

A major life goal for many individuals is to climb the social hierarchy and attain a higher social status than the one they were born into. People's beliefs regarding the likelihood of moving up or down in social hierarchy (i.e., social mobility) can have a variety of downstream consequences (Day & Fiske, 2019). Across three studies, I examined whether people's perception of their own social mobility relate to motivation to pursue their goals. In Study 1, I found a positive relationship between personal social mobility beliefs and hope, a motivational state involving goal-oriented thoughts. Next, in order to test whether personal social mobility beliefs can causally increase people's motivation to pursue their goals, I developed a novel manipulation. The manipulation involved participants completing a test that purportedly assessed their personal likelihood of moving up in social status and provided false feedback regarding these chances (i.e., high vs low personal social mobility). In Study 2, I tested the viability of this manipulation, and in Study 3, I examined whether it would causally affect motivation for general goal pursuit, including hope. Although the manipulation successfully altered personal social mobility beliefs, it did not affect hope. I discuss the implications of these findings for research on mobility beliefs and personal outcomes.