Cette thèse développe des modèles prédictifs du comportement mécanique des matériaux textiles, de l'échelle du fil à celle de la structure. Un modèle mécanique d'un fil textile basé sur une approche discrète masses-ressorts est élaboré. Une étude de stabilité, de déformée et du tombé d'un fil est menée. Deux modèles discrets masses-ressorts de structures tissées sont ensuite développés, à deux échelles différentes. L'approche macro prend en compte de façon analogique des modes de déformation en extension, flexion, cisaillement, torsion à l'échelle d'une cellule de base. La minimisation de l'énergie potentielle de la structure en donne la forme d'équilibre ; la stabilité est analysée selon le critère de Dirichlet Lagrange. L'approche méso modélise explicitement les ondulations des fils et prend en compte les interactions entre fils de chaîne et trame. Des simulations en traction uni et biaxiales mettent en évidence les contributions à la déformation de la variation d'ondulation et de l'extension du fil, ainsi que l'effet des paramètres mécaniques des fils.

Viscoelastic Solids covers the mathematical theory of viscoelasticity and physical insights, causal mechanisms, and practical applications. The book: presents a development of the theory, addressing both transient and dynamic aspects as well as emphasizing linear viscoelasticity synthesizes the structure of the theory with the aim of developing physical insight illustrates the methods for the solution of stress analysis problems in viscoelastic objects explores experimental methods for the characterization of viscoelastic materials describes the phenomenology of viscoelasticity in a variety of materials, including polymers, metals, high damping alloys, rock, piezoelectric materials, cellular solids, dense composite materials, and biological materials analyzes high damping and extremely low damping provides the theory of viscoelastic composite materials, including examples of various types of structure and the relationships between structure and mechanical properties contains examples on the use of viscoelastic materials in preventing and alleviating human suffering Viscoelastic Solids also demonstrates the use of viscoelasticity for diverse applications, such as earplugs, gaskets, computer disks, satellite stability, medical diagnosis, injury prevention, vibration abatement, tire performance, sports, spacecraft explosions, and music.

This book presents state-of-the-art experimental and modelling techniques for skin biophysics that are currently used in academic and industrial research. It also identifies current and future challenges, as well as a growing number of opportunities in this exciting research field. The book covers the basics of skin physiology, biology, microstructural and material properties, and progressively introduces the reader to established experimental characterisation protocols and modelling approaches. Advanced topics in modelling theories and numerical implementation are also presented. The book focusses especially on: 1. Basic physiology, molecular biology, microstructural and material properties of the skin. 2. Experimental characterisation techniques for the skin (including imaging): in vivo and in vitro techniques and combination of those with in silico approaches. 3. State-of-the-art constitutive models of the skin: elastic, anelastic and mechanobiological formulations (e.g. growth, ageing, healing). 4. Applications: mechanics, damage, biological growth, healing, ageing and skin tribology. This book is addressed to postgraduate students in biomedical/mechanical/civil engineering, (bio)physics and applied mathematics, postdoctoral researchers, as well as scientists and engineers working in academia and industry engaged in skin research, particularly, if at the cross-roads of physical experiments, imaging and modelling. The book is also be of interest to clinicians/biologists who wish to learn about the possibilities offered by modern engineering techniques for skin science research and, by so doing, provide them with an incentive to broaden their outlook, engage more widely with the non-clinical research communities and, ultimately, help cross-fertilising new ideas that will lead to better treatment plans and engineering solutions.

Advances in joining technologies, as well as new materials, has given rise to greater expectations among engineers, designers, and manufacturers for higher performance and product life. Moreover, advances in even traditional joining technologies such as rivets, bolts and mechanical fasteners has led to dramatic savings in cost and manufacturing time. This book meets this changing technical world head on, with complete coverage of nearly every known major form of joining technology. All new areas of welding including laser and fusion welding, along with new advances in composite and polymer bonding, are covered. The reader will find it easy and convenient to look up subjects either by type of joining technology (Part 1) or type of material (Part 2). This book is written to all engineers, including those in mechanical, materials and manufacturing engineering. But all readers in a wide array of technical fields will find here a unique informational resource, whether they are looking for help in machine assembly or structural materials assembly, or even in biotechnical problems involving tissue to non-tissue bonding. *Coverage all of major joining technologies, including welding, soldering, brazing, adhesive and cement bonding, pressure fusion, riveting, bolting, snap-fits, and more *Organized by both joining techniques and materials types, including metals, non-metals, ceramics and glasses, composites, biomaterials, and living tissue *An ideal reference for design engineers, students, package and product designers, manufacturers, machinists, materials scientists

Mechanical properties of composite materials can be improved by tailoring their microstructures. Optimal microstructures of composites, which ensure desired properties of composite materials, can be determined in computational experiments. The subject of this book is the computational analysis of interrelations between mechanical properties (e.g., strength, damage resistance stiffness) and microstructures of composites. The methods of mesomechanics of composites are reviewed, and applied to the modelling of the mechanical behaviour of different groups of composites. Individual chapters are devoted to the computational analysis of the microstructure- mechanical properties relationships of particle reinforced composites, functionally graded and particle clusters reinforced composites, interpenetrating phase and unidirectional fiber reinforced composites, and machining tools materials.

Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1 represents the first of nine volumes of technical papers presented at the Society for Experimental Mechanics SEM 15th International Congress & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, held at Costa Mesa, California, June 8-11, 2015. The full set of proceedings also includes volumes on: Challenges in Mechanics of Time Dependent Materials, Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics, Experimental and Applied Mechanics 16th International Symposium on MEMS and Nanotechnology, 5th International Symposium on the Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, International Symposium on the Mechanics of Composite and Multi-functional Materials, Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution; and Residual Stress, Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Hybrid Techniques and Inverse Problems.

The emerging paradigm of incorporating images and biomechanical properties of soft tissues has proven to be an integral part of the advancement of several medical applications, including image guided radiotherapy and surgery, brachytherapy, and diagnostics. This expansion has resulted in a growing community of medical, science, and engineering professionals applying mechanical principles to address medical concerns. This book is tailored to cover a range of mechanical principles, properties, and applications of soft tissues that have previously been addressed in various journals and "anatomical site-specific" books. Biomechanics of Soft Tissues follows a different approach by offering a simplified overview of widely used mechanical models and measuring techniques of soft tissue parameters. This is followed by an investigation of different medical applications, including: biomechanical aspects of cancerous tumor progressions, radiotherapy treatment, and image guided ultrasound guided interventions. Written by leading scholars and professionals in the field, Biomechanics of Soft Tissues combines engineering and medical expertise, thereby producing an excellent source of information for professionals interested in the theoretical and technological advancements related to soft tissues. The book provides medical professionals with an insight on various modeling approaches, testing techniques, and mechanical characteristics that are frequently used by engineers. Conversely, the presented medical applications provide engineers with a glimpse of amazing medical practices and encourage them to expand their roles in the medical field. Provides a simplified overview of mechanics of soft tissues. Highlights different techniques to measure tissues properties for engineering and medical applications. Contains novel ideas to address roles of mechanics in disease progression and treatment. Presents innovative applications of biomechanics in medical procedures.