Miniaturization is a challenge thrown down to analytical chemistry. The replacement of conventional analytical systems by miniaturized alternatives during the last years is noticeable. Specifically, the miniaturization of traditional sample preparation techniques (e.g., solid-phase extraction or solvent extraction) led to the development of environmentally benign analytical methods. This book aims to provide an overview of the challenges and achievements inthe application of the miniaturized sample preparation methods in analytical laboratories. It includes both theoretical and practical aspects of miniaturized sample preparation approaches and hence should be of interest to researchers, students and teachers of analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, environmental sciences and environmental engineering.

Handbook on Miniaturization in Analytical Chemistry: Application of Nanotechnology provides a source of authoritative fundamentals, interdisciplinary knowledge and primary literature for researchers who want to fully understand how nano-technologies work. Covering all stages of analysis, from sample preparation to separation and detection, the book discusses the design and manufacturing technology of miniaturization and includes an entire section on safety risks, ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI), the economics of nanotechnologies, and a discussion on sustainability with respect to nano- and lab-on-chip technologies. This guide for students and researchers working on applications of nanotechnology in modern systems for analysis gives readers everything they need to know to bring their current practices up-to-date. Details the impacts of miniaturization and nanotechnology Includes coverage of the current challenges for scaling up nano-miniaturization design and manufacturing technology for analysis Provides the latest reference materials, including websites of interest and details on the latest research in every chapter

Miniaturization is a challenge thrown down to analytical chemistry. The replacement of conventional analytical systems by miniaturized alternatives during the last years is noticeable. Specifically, the miniaturization of traditional sample preparation techniques (e.g., solid-phase extraction or solvent extraction) led to the development of environmentally benign analytical methods. This book aims to provide an overview of the challenges and achievements inthe application of the miniaturized sample preparation methods in analytical laboratories. It includes both theoretical and practical aspects of miniaturized sample preparation approaches and hence should be of interest to researchers, students and teachers of analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, environmental sciences and environmental engineering.

The recent explosion in the use of analytical chemistry, particularly in the biological sciences, has led to a need for fast, reliable and highly sensitive tools able to handle small sample sizes. This book illustrates how microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip devices can satisfy the growing need for miniaturized and enhanced analysis. They lend themselves well to mass spectrometric detection as they use samples in the low microlitre range and are handled on a chip. Miniaturization and Mass Spectrometry focuses on one particular technique, mass spectrometry, whose popularity has increased dramatically in the last two decades with the increase in use of biological analysis and the development of two "soft" ionization techniques, ESI and MALDI. These enable the analysis of large but fragile biological molecules such as DNA, proteins and oligosaccharides. The book starts with an introduction to the coupling of microfluidics to mass spectrometry techniques. It then goes on demonstrate the advantages of such a coupling: the MS analysis benefits from improved sample preparation when performed on a chip while MS yields more information on the sample handled on the chip compared to conventional optical detection. A history on the developments in this field, starting from the off-chip coupling to the on-chip ionization, is also provided. Daniel Figeys, a pioneer in the development of microfluidic systems for MS analysis, describes the early beginnings of this hyphenated analysis technique. Solutions to couple microfluidic systems to the two most popular ionization methods, ESI and MALDI, are presented throughout the chapters. Various examples are given of the application of this microfluidics-MS hyphenated analysis technique to proteomics, metabolomics, organic chemistry and forensics. Coverage is not limited to academic research. The development of commercialized systems and their current use for routine biological analysis are also presented. Lastly, a future vision of the integration of the mass spectrometer on the chip is raised, as a last step to yield fully portable systems for on-site analysis.

Analytical Sample Preparation With Nano- and Other High-Performance Materials covers advanced sample treatment techniques and the new materials that can be used to boost their performance. The evolution of sample treatment over the last two decades has resulted in the development of new techniques and application of new materials. This is a must-have resource for those studying advanced analytical techniques and the role of high-performance materials in analytical chemistry. The book explains the underlying principles needed to properly understand sample preparation, and also examines the latest materials - including nanomaterials - that result in greater sensitivity and specificity. The book begins with a section devoted to all the various sample preparation techniques and then continues with sections on high-performance sorbents and high-performance solvents. Combines basic, fundamental principles and advanced concepts and applications for a comprehensive treatment of sample preparation with new materials Defines nano- and other high-performance materials in this context, including carbon nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, ionic liquids, supramolecular solvents, and more Includes discussion of all the latest advancements and new findings in both techniques and materials used for proper sample preparation

The relatively new technique of solid phase microextraction (SPME) is an important tool to prepare samples both in the lab and on-site. SPME is a "green" technology because it eliminates organic solvents from analytical laboratory and can be used in environmental, food and fragrance, and forensic and drug analysis. This handbook offers a thorough background of the theory and practical implementation of SPME. SPME protocols are presented outlining each stage of the method and providing useful tips and potential pitfalls. In addition, devices and fiber coatings, automated SPME systems, SPME method development, and In Vivo applications are discussed. This handbook is essential for its discussion of the latest SPME developments as well as its in depth information on the history, theory, and practical application of the method. Practical application of Solid Phase Microextraction methods including detailed steps Provides history of extraction methods to better understand the process Suitable for all levels, from beginning student to experienced practitioner

Focussing on mass spectrometry, this book illustrates how microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip devices satisfy the need for miniaturized, enhanced chemical analysis.