This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the metallographic study of ancient metals. Metallography is important both conceptually as a microstructural science and in terms of its application to the study of ancient and historic metals. Metallography is a well-established methodology for the characterization of the microstructure of metals, which continues to be significant today in quality control and characterization of metallic properties. Not only does the metallographic examination of ancient metals present its own challenges in terms of sample size and interpretation of evidence, but it must be integrated with archaeological data and cultural research in order to obtain the most meaningful results. Issues of authentication and the establishment of fakes and forgeries of metallic artefacts often involve metallographic evidence of both metal and patina or corrosion interface, as an essential component of such a study. The present volume sets out the basic features of relevant metallic systems, enhanced with a series of examples of typical microstructural types, with illustrative case studies and examples throughout the text derived from studies undertaken by the two authors. This book provides a comprehensive presentation of metallography for archaeologists, archaeometallurgists, conservators, conservation scientists and metallurgists of modern materials.

In this dissertation, novel Content-based Microscopic Image Analysis (CBMIA) methods, including Weakly Supervised Learning (WSL), are proposed to aid biological studies. In a CBMIA task, noisy image, image rotation, and object recognition problems need to be addressed. To this end, the first approach is a general supervised learning method, which consists of image segmentation, shape feature extraction, classification, and feature fusion, leading to a semi-automatic approach. In contrast, the second approach is a WSL method, which contains Sparse Coding (SC) feature extraction, classification, and feature fusion, leading to a full-automatic approach. In this WSL approach, the problems of noisy image and object recognition are jointly resolved by a region-based classifier, and the image rotation problem is figured out through SC features. To demonstrate the usefulness and potential of the proposed methods, experiments are implemented on di erent practical biological tasks, including environmental microorganism classification, stem cell analysis, and insect tracking.

This book provides readers with the fundamentals necessary for understanding thermal spray technology. Coverage includes in-depth discussions of various thermal spray processes, feedstock materials, particle-jet interactions, and associated yet very critical topics: diagnostics, current and emerging applications, surface science, and pre and post-treatment. This book will serve as an invaluable resource as a textbook for graduate courses in the field and as an exhaustive reference for professionals involved in thermal spray technology.

This book mainly addresses the applications of lasers in the manufacture of various industrial components. The technologies presented here have scopes of application ranging from the macro to meso and micro level of components and features. This book includes chapters on the basic and advanced applications of lasers in the manufacturing domain. They present theoretical and practical aspects of laser technology for various applications such as laser-based machining, micro-scribing, texturing, machining of micro-sized channels; laser welding; laser-based correction of sheet metal, i.e. straightening; laser forming; and laser technology for 3-D printing. Lasers have various applications such as the production of powerful lights for illumination or decoration; measurement of velocity (transportation) and length; interferometry; printing; recording; communication; bio-medical instrumentation and pollution detection. A significant body of literature is available on the physics of lasers and types of lasers. However it has been noted there are a few books published on the “applications of lasers in manufacturing domain,” a gap that this book remedies. Gathering contributions by leading engineers and academicians in this area, it offers a valuable source of information for young scientists and research students.

These ESAFORM 2024 conference proceedings cover a wide range of topics: Additive manufacturing; Composites forming processes; Extrusion and drawing; Forging and rolling; Formability of metallic materials; Friction and wear in metal forming; Incremental and sheet metal forming; Innovative joining by forming technologies; Optimization and inverse analysis in forming; Machining, Cutting and severe plastic deformation processes; Material behavior modelling; New and advanced numerical strategies for material forming; Non-conventional processes; Polymer processing and thermomechanical properties; Sustainability on material forming. Keywords: WAAM Technology, Fused deposition Modeling (FDM), Fiber Composite Printers, Ultrasonic Powder Atomization, Finite Element Modeling (FEM), Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), Rapid Prototyping in Additive Manufacturing, Directed Energy Deposition (DED), GTAW Droplet Deposition, Deep Learning, Thermoplastic Pultrusion, Textile Reinforcements, Thermoforming Simulation, New Sustainable Materials, Non-Crimp Fabrics, CFRP Scraps, PEEK Composites, Thermoplastic Sheets, Flax/PP Composites.

Substrate Surface Preparation serves as a practical, one-stop reference, covering the technologies developed to produce flat surfaces with nanometer accuracy for the subsequent building of semiconductor devices and integrated circuits. This hands-on resource offers you detailed guidance in the entire substrate surface preparation process, from lapping and polishing... to specialized techniques and surface finishing. Supported with over 125 illustrations, this unique book provides you with a complete understanding of important maintenance methods and the full range of equipment available in the field. You gain the know-how and confidence you need to produce desired results when processing a sample of new material, rather than wasting time and money on a trial and error approach. Moreover, this authoritative book presents in-depth discussions on key applications, such as optics production and semiconduictor de-lamination and deconstruction.