Around the World, metal pollution is a major problem. Conventional practices of toxic metal removal can be ineffective and/or expensive, delaying and exacerbating the crisis. Those communities dealing with contamination must be aware of the fundamentals advances of microbe-mediated metal removal practices because these methods can be easily used and require less remedial intervention. This book describes innovations and efficient applications for metal bioremediation for environments polluted by metal contaminates.

Proceedings of an April 1988 symposium (location unspecified, probably some where in the UK). British and American contributors discuss the toxic and beneficial effects of metals on microorganisms and the transformations of metals and metal compounds catalyzed by microorganisms. Cloth edition (unseen), $85.00. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

This book provides a detailed description and analysis of the reduction and metabolism of metals and metalloids by sulfate reducing bacteria. The molecular mechanisms of bacterial resistance to copper are examined as well as extracellular electron transfer and bacterial metal oxide respiration. Furthermore, in this book enrichment, isolation, and physiology of magnetotactic bacteria are discussed. The interactions of bacteria with metals in natural environments and their role in metal cycling have been studied for decades. Advances in studies of bacteria-metal interactions identified numerous important aspects of these interactions, such as bioremediation of metal-contaminated environments, the role of metals in redox reactions and other cellular functions, as well as the role of metals in toxicity and infection. Microbiologists, environmental scientists, and students interested in microbe interactions with metals and their effect on the environment and their application in biotechnology will be interested in the topics discussed in the book.

This specialist research–level monograph presents an overview of environmentally significant microbe–metal interactions, covering both enzymatic and non–enzymatic reactions.

This Research Topic presents knowledge on transition metal metabolism in various infections from the dual perspective of offender and defender. 1) Host Nutritional Immunity: depriving or poisoning. To date, the implication of divalent metals have been described in two different immune strategies that aim to fight microbial invaders. One consists in depriving microbes of essential divalent metals whereas the other aims at overloading invaders with toxic concentrations of metal. The contributions in this section present, in different situations, various aspects of this metal economy at the host-microbe interface. Two papers deal with metal homeostasis as hosts interact with bacteria. Diaz-Ochoa et al. (2014) review immunological mechanisms to sequester Fe, Mn and Zn in the inflamed gut and strategies of commensals and pathogens to evade mucosal defenses and obtain such nutrients. Lisher & Giedroc (2013) detail chemical and structural mechanisms to capture Mn, an antioxidant used by pathogens to adapt to human hosts, and the impact of Fe and Zn on Mn bioavailability during infections. The most coveted metal, iron is key to nutritional immunity and microbial virulence. Using amoeba as model phagocyte, Bozzaro et al. (2013) present the tug of war between a bacterial predator, sequestering intracellular iron to resist invasion, and pathogens which elude such defense mechanisms. On mammalian defense against intracellular bacteria and protozoan parasites, Silva-Gomes et al. (2013) outline divergent approaches: iron-withholding to prevent microbial replication or iron-based oxidative injury to kill invaders. Host may also target invaders with toxic doses of Cu and Zn, normally kept at low concentrations. Neyrolles et al. (2013) present an opinion article on bacterial Zn and Cu poisoning in the context of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Chaturvedi & Henderson (2014) summarize the specific properties of copper and its toxic effect on bacteria cells. Argüello et al. (2013) review how bacteria integrate homeostatic mechanisms to avoid Cu toxicity by sensing and regulating ion chelation, chaperoning and membrane transport. 2) Microbial adaptation to host defenses: metallo-transporters or exporters. To overcome host resistance to infection, numerous mechanisms have been selected through the course of microbial evolution, in particular transporters that can feed the bacteria even at low metal concentration or, on the contrary, metallo-exporters that can expel metals outside the cell to avoid toxic accumulation. The articles in this section describe the microbial transport arsenal, and its regulation, which play major roles to influence metal economy at the host-microbe interface. Bacterial and fungal strategies to acquire Fe is the subject of four contributions. Liu & Biville (2013) discuss erythrocyte parasitism by Bartonella, transmitted by arthropod vectors and relying principally on heme capture and oxidative stress defense to cause persistent infections. Runyen-Janecky (2013) highlights some of the recent findings on heme iron acquisition system and the regulation of their expression in Gram-negative pathogens. Cornelis & Dingemans (2013) recap how Pseudomonas adapts means of iron capture to the type of infection it establishes, acute or chronic. Caza & Kronstad (2013) contrast strategies of virulent bacteria and fungi to subvert host immunity and steal iron from hemoglobin, heme, transferrin and lactoferrin or elemental iron using specialized uptake systems and siderophores. Five papers deal with microbial homeostasis of other metals Mn, Ni and Zn. Honsa et al. (2013) review the roles of importers and exporters of Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu in Streptococcus pneumoniae gene regulation and tissue-specific pathogenesis. Guilhen et al (2013) focus on families of exporters and the role of metal efflux in the evolution of Neisseria meningitidis virulence and naso-pharyngeal c