The market liberalization is expected to affect drastically the operation of power systems, which under economical pressure and increasing amount of transactions are being operated much closer to their limits than previously. These changes put the system operators faced with rather different and much more problematic scenarios than in the past. They have now to calculate available transfer capabilities and manage congestion problems in a near on line environment, while operating the transmission system under extremely stressed conditions. This requires highly reliable and efficient software aids, which today are non-existent, or not yet in use. One of the most problematic issues, very much needed but not yet en countered today, is on-line dynamic security assessment and control, enabling the power system to withstand unexpected contingencies without experienc ing voltage or transient instabilities. This monograph is devoted to a unified approach to transient stability assessment and control, called SIngle Machine Equivalent (S1ME).

Succinct and understandable, this book is a step-by-step guide to the mathematics and construction of electrical load forecasting models. Written by one of the world’s foremost experts on the subject, Electrical Load Forecasting provides a brief discussion of algorithms, their advantages and disadvantages and when they are best utilized. The book begins with a good description of the basic theory and models needed to truly understand how the models are prepared so that they are not just blindly plugging and chugging numbers. This is followed by a clear and rigorous exposition of the statistical techniques and algorithms such as regression, neural networks, fuzzy logic, and expert systems. The book is also supported by an online computer program that allows readers to construct, validate, and run short and long term models. Step-by-step guide to model construction Construct, verify, and run short and long term models Accurately evaluate load shape and pricing Creat regional specific electrical load models

Very fast advances in IC technologies have brought new challenges into the physical design of integrated systems. The emphasis on system performance, in lately developed applications, requires timing and power constraints to be considered at each stage of physical design. The size of ICs is decreasing continuously, and the density of power dissipated in the circuits is growing rapidly. The first challenge is the Information Technology where new materials, devices, telecommunication and multimedia facilities are developed. The second one is the Biomedical Science and Biotechnology. The utilisation of bloodless surgery is possible now because of wide micro-sensors and micro-actuators application. Nowadays, the modern micro systems can be implanted directly into the human body and the medicine can be applied right in the proper time and place in the patient body. The low-power devices are being developed particularly for medical and space applications. This has created for designers in all scientific domains new possibilities which must be handed down to the future generations of designers. In this spirit, we organised the Fourth International Workshop "MIXED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS" in order to provide an international forum for discussion and the exchange of information on education, teaching experiences, training and technology transfer in the area of microelectronics and microsystems.

The book presents a clear understanding of a new type of computation system, the Cellular Neural Network (CNN), which has been successfully applied to the solution of many heavy computation problems, mainly in the fields of image processing and complex partial differential equations. The text describes how CNN will improve the soft-computation toolbox, and examines the many applications of soft computing to complex systems.

Mutual Coupling Between Antennas A guide to mutual coupling between various types of antennas in arrays such as wires, apertures and microstrip patches or antennas co-sited on platforms Mutual Coupling Between Antennas explores the theoretical underpinnings of mutual coupling, offers an up-to-date description of the physical effects of mutual coupling for a variety of antennas, and contains techniques for analysing and assessing its effects. The book puts the topic in historical context, presents an integral equation approach, includes the current techniques, measurement methods, and discusses the most recent advances in the field. With contributions from noted experts on the topic, the book reviews practical aspects of mutual coupling and examines applications that clearly demonstrate where the performance is impacted both positively and negatively. Mutual Coupling Between Antennas contains information on how mutual coupling can be analysed with a wide range of methods from direct computer software using discrete methods, to integral equations and Greens function methods as well as approximate asymptotic methods. This important text: Provides a theoretical background for understanding mutual coupling between various types of antennas Describes the interaction that occurs between antennas, both planned and unplanned Explores a key aspect of arrays in any wireless, radar or sensing system operating at radio frequencies Offers a groundbreaking book on antenna mutual coupling Written for antenna engineers, technical specialists, researchers and students, Mutual Coupling Between Antennas is the first book to examine mutual coupling between various types of antennas including wires, horns, microstrip patches, MIMO antennas, co-sited antennas and arrays in planar or conformal configurations.