This study has emerged from an ongoing program of trilateral cooperation between WHO, WTO and WIPO. It responds to an increasing demand, particularly in developing countries, for strengthened capacity for informed policy-making in areas of intersection between health, trade and IP, focusing on access to and innovation of medicines and other medical technologies.

Background papers 1 to 9 published as technical documents. Available in separate records from WHO/HSS/EHT/DIM/10.1 to WHO/HSS/EHT/DIM/10.9

Clinical Engineering Handbook, Second Edition, covers modern clinical engineering topics, giving experienced professionals the necessary skills and knowledge for this fast-evolving field. Featuring insights from leading international experts, this book presents traditional practices, such as healthcare technology management, medical device service, and technology application. In addition, readers will find valuable information on the newest research and groundbreaking developments in clinical engineering, such as health technology assessment, disaster preparedness, decision support systems, mobile medicine, and prospects and guidelines on the future of clinical engineering.As the biomedical engineering field expands throughout the world, clinical engineers play an increasingly important role as translators between the medical, engineering and business professions. In addition, they influence procedures and policies at research facilities, universities, and in private and government agencies. This book explores their current and continuing reach and its importance. - Presents a definitive, comprehensive, and up-to-date resource on clinical engineering - Written by worldwide experts with ties to IFMBE, IUPESM, Global CE Advisory Board, IEEE, ACCE, and more - Includes coverage of new topics, such as Health Technology Assessment (HTA), Decision Support Systems (DSS), Mobile Apps, Success Stories in Clinical Engineering, and Human Factors Engineering

As the biomedical engineering field expands throughout the world, clinical engineers play an evermore-important role as translators between the medical, engineering, and business professions. They influence procedure and policy at research facilities, universities, as well as private and government agencies including the Food and Drug Administration and the World Health Organization. The profession of clinical engineering continues to seek its place amidst the myriad of professionals that comprise the health care field. The Clinical Engineering Handbook meets a long felt need for a comprehensive book on all aspects of clinical engineering that is a suitable reference in hospitals, classrooms, workshops, and governmental and non-governmental organization. The Handbook's thirteen sections address the following areas: Clinical Engineering; Models of Clinical Engineering Practice; Technology Management; Safety Education and Training; Design, Manufacture, and Evaluation and Control of Medical Devices; Utilization and Service of Medical Devices; Information Technology; and Professionalism and Ethics. The Clinical Engineering Handbook provides the reader with prospects for the future of clinical engineering as well as guidelines and standards for best practice around the world. From telemedicine and IT issues, to sanitation and disaster planning, it brings together all the important aspects of clinical engineering. - Clinical Engineers are the safety and quality faciltators in all medical facilities - The most definitive, comprehensive, and up-to-date book available on the subject of clinical engineering - Over 170 contributions by leaders in the field of clinical engineering

"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.