In this comprehensive guide, Brixen takes the reader through the complex and confusing aspects of audio metering, imparting the knowledge and skills needed to utilize optional signal levels and produce high-quality audio. Covering all aspects of this fundamental subject, Audio Metering: Measurements, Standards and Practice begins with the basics, such as audio definitions and digital techniques, and works up to more complex topics like hearing and psychoacoustics. This revised and expanded third edition includes: Updated information on loudness metering, covering both existing and new standards. Definitions of terms such as LKFS, LUFS, gating, LRA. Explanations of signal types and musical sounds and structures. Further details on immersive audio. Skills needed for both small-room acoustics and large auditorium sound design without loss of sound quality. Descriptions of measurement signals and systems for audio and acoustic sound. A chapter on listening tests from small set-ups to large-scale comparisons of PA/SR-systems. Packed full of valuable information with a wide range of practical applications, this is the essential reference guide to audio metering for technicians, engineers, and tonmeisters, as well as sound designers working with acoustics, electroacoustics, broadcast, studio recording, sound art, archiving, audio forensics, and theatrical and live-audio setups.

Noise generated by continuous mining machines in underground coal production is an important health hazard. Bureau of Mines Contract J0387229 covers investigation of this noise through laboratory tests of simulated cutting operations and through in-mine noise measurements. The results of these investigations indicate that coal cutting noise and conveyor noise are dominant sources of mining machine operational noise. Typical noise levels for both cutting and conveying operations are approximately 97 dBA (decibels A-weighted). For full operation of all machine systems, the overall sound pressure level is approximately 101 dBA. In-mine and laboratory test results show excellent agreement in both A-weighted overall levels as well as in A-weighted one-third-octave band spectra.

When we talk about sounds, we often describe them as loud or quiet and high or low. However, there are scientific ways to measure sound, and readers learn about them in this insightful look at an important early science topic. Pitch, decibels, waves, and frequency are described in age-appropriate detail, along with many other essential physics terms. The at-level text is broken down into short, clear sentences, and additional visual elements include colorful photographs and a helpful decibel chart. This focused approach to physical science gives readers a sense of how classroom concepts are applied in the larger world.

Provides state-of-the-art algorithms for sound capture, processing and enhancement Sound Capture and Processing: Practical Approaches covers the digital signal processing algorithms and devices for capturing sounds, mostly human speech. It explores the devices and technologies used to capture, enhance and process sound for the needs of communication and speech recognition in modern computers and communication devices. This book gives a comprehensive introduction to basic acoustics and microphones, with coverage of algorithms for noise reduction, acoustic echo cancellation, dereverberation and microphone arrays; charting the progress of such technologies from their evolution to present day standard. Sound Capture and Processing: Practical Approaches Brings together the state-of-the-art algorithms for sound capture, processing and enhancement in one easily accessible volume Provides invaluable implementation techniques required to process algorithms for real life applications and devices Covers a number of advanced sound processing techniques, such as multichannel acoustic echo cancellation, dereverberation and source separation Generously illustrated with figures and charts to demonstrate how sound capture and audio processing systems work An accompanying website containing Matlab code to illustrate the algorithms This invaluable guide will provide audio, R&D and software engineers in the industry of building systems or computer peripherals for speech enhancement with a comprehensive overview of the technologies, devices and algorithms required for modern computers and communication devices. Graduate students studying electrical engineering and computer science, and researchers in multimedia, cell-phones, interactive systems and acousticians will also benefit from this book.

This ready reference provides electrical engineers with practical information on accurate methods for measuring signals and noise in electronic circuits as well as methods for locating and reducing high frequency noise generated by circuits or external interference. Engineers often find that measuring and mitigating high frequency noise signals in electronic circuits can be problematic when utilizing common measurement methods. Demonstrating the innovative solutions he developed as a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff at AT&T/Bell Laboratories, solutions which earned him numerous U.S. and foreign patents, Douglas Smith has written the most definitive work on this subject. Smith explains design problems related to the new high frequency electronic standards, and then systematically provides laboratory proven methods for making accurate noise measurements, while demonstrating how these results should be interpreted. The technical background needed to conduct these experiments is provided as an aid to the novice, and as a reference for the professional. Smith also discusses theoretical concepts as they relate to practical applications. Many of the techniques Smith details in this book have been previously unpublished, and have been proven to solve problems in hours rather than in the days or weeks of effort it would take conventional techniques to yield results. Comprehensive and informative, this volume provides detailed coverage of such areas as: scope probe impedance, grounding, and effective bandwidth, differential measurement techniques, noise source location and identification, current probe characteristics, operation, and applications, characteristics of sources of interference to measurements and the minimization of their effects, minimizing coupling of external noise into the equipment under test by measurements, estimating the effect of a measurement on equipment operation, using digital scopes for single shot noise measurements, prediction of equipment electromagnetic interference (EMI) emission and susceptibility of performance, null experiments for validating measurement data, the relationship between high frequency noise and final product reliability. With governmental regulations and MIL standards now governing the emission of high frequency electronic noise and the susceptibility to pulsed EMI, the information presented in this guide is extremely pertinent. Electrical engineers will find High Frequency Measurements and Noise in Electronic Circuits an essential desktop reference for information and solutions, and engineering students will rely on it as a virtual source book for deciphering the "mysteries" unique to high frequency electronic circuits.

The advent of instruments capable of measuring sound intensity, which represents the flow of energy in sound fields, has revolutionised audio-frequency acoustical metrology. Since publication of the first edition, two International Standards for the use of sound intensity for sound source power determination, and one International Standard for soun