Recent research has brought the application of microwaves from the classical fields of heating, communication, and generation of plasma discharges into the generation of compact plasmas that can be used for applications such as FIB and small plasma thrusters. However, these new applications bring with them a new set of challenges. With coverage ranging from the basics to new and emerging applications, Compact Plasma and Focused Ion Beams discusses how compact high-density microwave plasmas with dimensions smaller than the geometrical cutoff dimension can be generated and utilized for providing focused ion beams of various elements. Starting with the fundamentals of the cutoff problem for wave propagation in waveguides and plasma diagnostics, the author goes on to explain in detail the plasma production by microwaves in a compact geometry and narrow tubes. He then thoroughly discusses wave interaction with bounded plasmas and provides a deeper understanding of the physics. The book concludes with an up-to-date account of recent research on pulsed microwaves and the application of compact microwave plasmas for multi-element FIB. It provides a consolidated and unified description of the emerging areas in plasma science and technology utilizing wave-based plasma sources based on the author’s own work and experience. The book will be useful not only to established researchers in this area but will also serve as an excellent introduction to those interested in applying these ideas to various current and new applications.

With billions of dollars generated annually, importing and exporting is a potentially lucrative arena for growthùand a bewildering tangle of rules and regulations. Packed with hundreds of cost-effective strategies, ready-to-use forms, and valuable checklists, the second edition of Mastering Import & Export Management explains how to efficientlyùand legallyùnavigate the complex world of international trade. From the big picture of pinpointing the best markets to the nitty-gritty of packing a container, this sweeping guide examines how to spot potential risks, apply quality control procedures, prepare documentation accurately, and more. This revised and updated edition addresses how best to handle recent crises like the earthquakes and tsunami in Japan, the economic downturn, or political instability in countries like Egypt, Tunisia, Bahrain, and Libya. It also covers every new compliance and security regulation, as well as evolving best practices, including: ò C-TPAT guidelines ò Incoterms ò In-house compliance programs ò Freight costûreduction tips ò Beefed-up TSA regulations ò Improved technology options ò President Obama's new export initiatives. It's an indispensable resource for today's complex and changing global marketplace.

Much of your company’s success in global trade will be determined by how well you manage contracts and agreements for sale or purchase. Mastering the Business of Global Trade: Negotiating Competitive Advantage Contractual Best Practices, Incoterms, and Leveraging Supply Chain Options explains the key elements any international business person must know, but more importantly, it also describes how to use negotiation skills, leveraged options, and Incoterms to extract the maximum benefits from your supply chain. At the end of the day, landed costs determine pricing and profits. As such, the book clearly explains how landed cost modeling works and how you can use these business models to leverage supply chain options. Illustrating how Inco terms impact compliance and risk, it details options to help you reduce your exposure to risk as well as best practices to help you steer clear of compliance issues that can cause costly delays. Managing global supply chains is about constantly striving for efficiency, driving down costs, and increasing profits. With this book, you will not only learn how to negotiate better contracts, but you will also learn how to manage relationships with freight forwarders and customhouse brokers in a manner that will help you get the most value from your service agreements. The book establishes a very simple, yet comprehensive, roadmap that both the neophyte and the more experienced global supply chain executive can easily follow and master. By following the time-proven advice and roadmap detailed in these pages, you will learn that it is possible to engage in more deals and increase your returns, while reducing your overall risk exposure. This book is part of The Global Warrior series.

Much of your company‘s success in global trade will be determined by how well you manage contracts and agreements for sale or purchase. Mastering the Business of Global Trade: Negotiating Competitive Advantage Contractual Best Practices, Incoterms, and Leveraging Supply Chain Options explains the key elements any international business person must

What is International Trade International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories because there is a need or want of goods or services. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: International trade Chapter 2: Economy of Burkina Faso Chapter 3: Economy of Canada Chapter 4: Economy of the Dominican Republic Chapter 5: Economy of Ethiopia Chapter 6: Economy of Jamaica Chapter 7: Economy of Malawi Chapter 8: Economy of Mongolia Chapter 9: Economy of Nigeria Chapter 10: Economy of Rwanda Chapter 11: Economy of Uzbekistan Chapter 12: Tariff Chapter 13: Economy of Mozambique Chapter 14: Import substitution industrialization Chapter 15: Subsidy Chapter 16: Virtual water Chapter 17: Export Chapter 18: Non-tariff barriers to trade Chapter 19: International business Chapter 20: Economy of the Western Cape Chapter 21: Economic history of Ghana (II) Answering the public top questions about international trade. (III) Real world examples for the usage of international trade in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of international trade.

The book is designed to provide a basic understanding of the dynamics of globalization and its relevance for all types and sizes of business. Commencing with a brief history that shows that globalization is not just a late 20th and early 21st-century phenomenon but has been a factor in world trade since the 1600s, the text then considers the two opposing views held about globalization. The material goes on to look at the global implications for customer relationships, marketing, human resources, finance and information. These are areas in which a narrow, national view is becoming increasingly of less value to the student. The book includes questions and case studies to aid understanding.

The formation of "multinational" and "transnational" companies, coupled with the accelerating pace of technology, has changed the way the world practices business. International Business and Trade: Theory, Practice, and Policy addresses the challenges that face large, worldwide businesses today and in the 21st century. This textbook introduces business executives and students to current issues and practices in international business. It analyzes the conceptual nature and operational aspects of multinational enterprise and international trade practices. The book is divided into three parts, each addressing a specific area of international business. The first part discusses the theoretical framework of global commerce, monetary systems, and financial environments. The specifics of international business operations-from legal environments to international trade and foreign investments-are covered in Part II. Part III concentrates on government policies and practices, covering the role of national and international organizations in impacting trade and investments.