Tobacco use has declined because of measures such as high taxes on tobacco products and bans on advertising, but worldwide there are still more than one billion people who regularly use tobacco, including many who purchase products illicitly. By contrast to many other commodities, taxes comprise a substantial portion of the retail price of cigarettes in the United States and most other nations. Large tax differentials between jurisdictions increase incentives for participation in existing illicit tobacco markets. In the United States, the illicit tobacco market consists mostly of bootlegging from low-tax states to high-tax states and is less affected by large-scale smuggling or illegal production as in other countries. In the future, nonprice regulation of cigarettes - such as product design, formulation, and packaging - could in principle, contribute to the development of new types of illicit tobacco markets. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market reviews the nature of illicit tobacco markets, evidence for policy effects, and variations among different countries with a focus on implications for the United States. This report estimates the portion of the total U.S. tobacco market represented by illicit sales has grown in recent years and is now between 8.5 percent and 21 percent. This represents between 1.24 to 2.91 billion packs of cigarettes annually and between $2.95 billion and $6.92 billion in lost gross state and local tax revenues. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market describes the complex system associated with illicit tobacco use by exploring some of the key features of that market - the cigarette supply chain, illicit procurement schemes, the major actors in the illicit trade, and the characteristics of users of illicit tobacco. This report draws on domestic and international experiences with the illicit tobacco trade to identify a range of possible policy and enforcement interventions by the U.S. federal government and/or states and localities.

This is an invaluable, applied "how to" guide to understanding the unique characteristics of the international business environment that provides critical information to all managers considering entering an overseas market. The global marketplace is a reality, yet there are virtually no books dedicated to understanding the international business environment. The accessible, practitioner-oriented information in this book provides businesspeople with the tools necessary to accurately analyze the complex global environment and the perspective to be successful in international markets. A resource for business managers as well as for college-level business students, the book covers all major areas of the international business environment, including the cultural aspects of international commerce environments as well as economic, political, and competitive challenges. Additionally, the author explains how a business entity can impact the market environment in which it operates.

In many economic sectors – the digital industries being first and foremost – the market power of dominant firms has been steadily increasing and is rarely challenged by competitors. Existing competition laws and regulations have been unable to make markets more contestable. The book argues that a new competition tool is needed: market investigations. This tool allows authorities to intervene in markets which do not function as they should, due to market features such as network effects, scale economies, switching costs, and behavioural biases. The book explains the role of market investigations, assesses their use in the few jurisdictions where they exist, and discusses how they should be designed. In so doing, it provides an invaluable and timely instrument to both practitioners and academics.

Ideal for a course on international management for undergraduate business administration and MBA programs, this textbook deals with the management of international business operations in the global market and discusses the basic managerial functions in an international enterprise.

Do you want to know how a traditionally French brand expands into an international market, how a department store can channel its business online, or how any organization can incorporate social media into their communication campaigns? What can you learn from these practices, how do they incorporate sustainability and ethical practice, and how could it influence your career, whether in marketing or not? Incorporating the big brand case studies, unique expert insights, and engaging learning features of the best-selling Marketing by Baines, Fill, and Rosengren, Fundamentals of Marketing is the most complete resource for students looking for a briefer guide to help build their theoretical understanding of marketing into skilful practice. Covering the most essential theories and latest trends, this book take you from the traditional marketing mix to the cutting-edge trends of the discipline, with a particular focus on sustainability, ethics, and digitalization. With cases featuring international companies such as YouTube, Kopparberg, and Nestle, and exploring issues such as greenwashing, guilt appeals, and responsible branding, the book goes beyond marketing theory to illustrate marketing at work in the business world, and how it can be used to promote a company's success. Review and discussion questions conclude each chapter, prompting readers to examine the themes discussed in more detail and critically engage with the theory. Links to seminal papers throughout each chapter also present the opportunity to take learning further and read in depth on selected topics. A fully integrated Online Resource Centre allows you to learn from real-life marketers whose video interviews expand on the book's Case Insights to offer a more in-depth view of their world. From Withers Worldwide to Aston Martin, Lanson International to Spotify, household names as well as SMEs and online businesses discuss their real-life marketing dilemmas and how they navigated their way to a positive outcome. Test bank questions, internet activities, and web links also allow you to test your learning and explore key concepts further. Fundamentals of Marketing has all you need to begin your journey into the fascinating world of marketing. The book is accompanied by an Online Resource Centre that features: For everyone: Case Insight videos Library of video links Worksheets For students: Author audio podcasts Multiple-choice questions Flashcard glossaries Employability guidance and marketing careers insights Internet activities Research insights Web links For lecturers: VLE content PowerPoint slides Test bank Essay questions Tutorial activities Marketing resource bank Pointers on answering the discussion question at the end of each chapter of the book Figures and tables from the book in electronic format Transcripts of the Case Insight videos

Shows how economic analysis can be applied to economic problems connected with land, in both the private and public sectors, and suggests ways in which the existing allocation of land resources can be improved