By 1939 Mao Zedong was a leader in the Chinese Communist Party through his political acumen, his organizing energy, and his executive ability. At the same time, his abilities to shift register, to maintain a sense of the whole and also of the particular, and to absorb seemingly contradictory realities in the social, political and military arenas he

Zheng Chaolin, a founder of China's Communist Party and its Trotskyist Opposition, was also one of the modern world's longest serving political prisoners, under Chiang Kai-shek (as a revolutionary) and Mao (as a "counter-revolutionary") - these are his writings.

This text analyzes the dramatic shifts in Chinese Communist Party economic policy during the mid to late 1950s which eventually resulted in 30 to 45 million deaths through starvation as a result of the failed policies of the Great Leap Forward. Teiwes examines both the substance and the process of economic policy-making in that period, explaining how the rational policies of opposing rash advance in 1956-57 gave way to the fanciful policies of the Great Leap, and assessing responsibility for the failure to adjust adequately those policies even as signs of disaster began to reach higher level decision makers. In telling this story, Teiwes focuses on key participants in the process throughout both "rational" and "utopian" phases - Mao, other top leaders, central economic bureaucracies and local party leaders. The analysis rejects both of the existing influential explanations in the field, the long dominant power politics approach focusing on alleged clashes within the top leadership, and David Bachman's recent institutional interpretation of the origins of the Great Leap. Instead, this study presents a detailed picture of an exceptionally Mao-dominated process, where no other actor challenged his position, where the boldest step any actor took was to try and influence his preferences, and where the system in effect became paralyzed while Mao kept changing signals as disaster unfolded.

Investigating 20th century Chinese ideology through the two main elements of passionate belief and cultivation of rage, this timely book examines how Maoist thinking has influenced Western politics.

China's path to political reform over the last three decades has been slow, but discourse among Chinese political scientists continues to be vigorous and forward thinking. China's Political Development offers a unique look into the country's evolving political process by combining chapters authored by twelve prominent Chinese political scientists with an extensive commentary on each chapter by an American scholar of the Chinese political system. Each chapter focuses on a major aspect of the development of the Chinese Party-state, encompassing the changing relations among its constituent parts as well as its evolving approaches toward economic gorwth, civil society, grassroots elections, and the intertwined problems of supervision and corruption. Together, these analyses highlight the history, strategy, policies, and implementation of governance reforms since 1978 and the authors' recommendations for future changes. This extensive work provides the deep background necessary to understand the sociopolitical context and intellectual currents. behind the reform agenda announced at the landmark Third Plenum in 2013. Shedding light through contrasting perspectives, the book provides an overview of the efforts China has directed toward developing good governance, the challenges it faces, and its future direction.

The gap between those living in the city and those in the countryside remains one of China's most intractable problems. As this powerful work of grassroots history argues, the origins of China's rural-urban divide can be traced back to the Mao Zedong era. While Mao pledged to remove the gap between the city worker and the peasant, his revolutionary policies misfired and ended up provoking still greater discrepancies between town and country, usually to the disadvantage of villagers. Through archival sources, personal diaries, untapped government dossiers and interviews with people from cities and villages in northern China, the book recounts their personal experiences, showing how they retaliated against the daily restrictions imposed on them while traversing between the city and the countryside. Vivid and harrowing accounts of forced and illicit migration, the staggering inequity of the Great Leap Famine and political exile during the Cultural Revolution reveal how Chinese people fought back against policies that pitted city dwellers against villagers.

How do the Chinese design a space? What are the similarities and differences between spaces designed for palaces and cities? How were the extension of the Great Wall, the reopening of the Grand Canal and the building of Beijing interrelated? By closely examining the buildings of Imperial Beijing (1420-1911) this book seeks to answer these questions by exploring whether there is a generic approach to spatial disposition in the Chinese tradition. Chinese Spatial Strategiesconsiders spatial design on many levels and in different aspects including: *The geo-political design of a map of Asia *The layout of the city as a representation of imperial ideology *The city as a social realm of interrelations between the central authority and local urban society *The Forbidden City as an apparatus of power *A comparison between European visual compositions and the aesthetic composition of Beijing. Drawing upon recent work in social theory, the author provides a spatial and political analysis of the Forbidden City and a realistic account of Imperial Beijing. This book challenges the convention of formal description of Chinese cities and will appeal to all those with an interest in Chinese buildings and architecture.