Co-Winner of the 2005 Hagley Business History Book Prize given by the Busines History Conference. In 1926, the Carriage Builders' National Association met for the last time, signaling the automobile's final triumph over the horse-drawn carriage. Only a decade earlier, carriages and wagons were still a common sight on every Main Street in America. In the previous century, carriage-building had been one of the largest and most dynamic industries in the country. In this sweeping study of a forgotten trade, Thomas A. Kinney extends our understanding of nineteenth-century American industrialization far beyond the steel mill and railroad. The legendary Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company in 1880 produced a hundred wagons a day—one every six minutes. Across the country, smaller factories fashioned vast quantities of buggies, farm wagons, and luxury carriages. Today, if we think of carriage and wagon at all, we assume it merely foreshadowed the automobile industry. Yet., the carriage industry epitomized a batch-work approach to production that flourished for decades. Contradicting the model of industrial development in which hand tools, small firms, and individual craftsmanship simply gave way to mechanized factories, the carriage industry successfully employed small-scale business and manufacturing practices throughout its history. The Carriage Trade traces the rise and fall of this heterogeneous industry, from the pre-industrial shop system to the coming of the automobile, using as case studies Studebaker, the New York–based luxury carriage-maker Brewsters, and dozens of smallerfirms from around the country. Kinney also explores the experiences of the carriage and wagon worker over the life of the industry. Deeply researched and strikingly original, this study contributes a vivid chapter to the story of America's industrial revolution.

FEATURES The View from the Box 102 Don Remington 106 Sleigh Bells 110 Peter Lyttle Collection, New Zealand 111 1993 World Pair Driving Championships 117 The Doctor's Sleigh 123 Restoring a Governess Cart 124 The Sleigh Rally 128 CAA Members' Recollections 131 How to Sketch a Carriage 132 DEPARTMENTS Memories-Mostly Horsy 103 Trans-Mississippi Transport: Part X 113 Museum News-133 Letters to the Editor Book Reviews Look Back

View From the Box 2 The Reader's Forum 3 Position on the Box Seat 4 The Frick Family and Its Carriages . The Making of "Clayton's" Carriage Museum . The Carriage Collection at "Clayton" . Walnut Hill's 20th Anniversary . The Four-Horse Whip and How to Use It . Restoration of the Berg Carriage . Make Your Own Driving Apron . The Problem of Cracking of Paint Finishes . Driving Around the World . Memories-Mostly Horsy . From Wheelbarrows to Wagons-The Studebakers . Horses in Argentina . Driving-Seat Boxes . 'Turnout ··················································· Fashion Plates . Questions and Answers

The View from the Box Some Carriage Collections in Argentina The Cracking of Paint . . . . Practicalities: Neck Collars . Rubber Tires and the Carriage Industry, Part 111 .. Hunter's Creek Farm .... Turnout . End Fastenings for Side Springs . Driving in Nineteenth Century Russia .. Shaft and Pole Dimension Tables . How to Take the Reins, and Get on the Box . Memories, Mostly Harsy .... Some Thoughts about Bitting the Driving Horse Book Review Carriage Trade