Most federal intergovernmental aid programs are accompanied by maintenance of effort (MOE) provisions. This study has three main purposes: (1) to analyze the structure and evolution of the legislative and regulatory requirements in order to determine the specific intentions that motivated the design of these provisions; (2) to assess the incidence and etiology of noncompliance; and (3) to analyze alternative policy responses in the event it was found that a substantial number of districts were not complying with the requirements whose enforcement might have inequitable and/or inefficient consequences. Chapter II describes current MOE regulations for four major federal education programs. Chapter III summarizes and organizes findings from the states visited. Chapter IV is an analysis of the findings. In the course of visits to the state capitals, each official interviewed was asked to suggest desirable changes in MOE provisions. Their views are summarized in Appendix A.

The reauthorization of the U.S. Elementary and Secondary Education Act, referred to as the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), emphasizes evidence-based interventions while giving states and districts new flexibility on the use of federal funds, including funds that could be used to support social and emotional learning (SEL). The authors review recent evidence on U.S.-based SEL interventions for K-12 students to better inform the use of SEL interventions under ESSA. This report discusses the opportunities for supporting SEL under ESSA, the standards of evidence under ESSA, and SEL interventions that meet the standards of evidence and might be eligible for federal funds through ESSA. Federal, state, and district education policymakers can use this report to identify relevant, evidence-based SEL interventions that meet their local needs. A companion volume (available on the website) catalogues these interventions in more detail and outlines the research that has examined them.

To help prevent the substitution of fed. funds for state, local, or private funds, the Amer. Recovery and Reinvest. Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) contains maint. of effort and similar provisions requiring that recipients maintain certain levels of spending for selected programs. This report provides info. on selected programs in the Recovery Act with maint. of effort or similar provisions, the guidance fed. agencies have issued to implement these requirements, and how responsible fed. agencies are determining whether recipients meet these requirements. This report identified programs that account for at least $4 billion in approp. by agency; and account for about $100.5 billion of the $106.8 billion in Recovery Act approp. with these provisions. Illus.

To help prevent the substitution of federal funds for state, local, or private funds, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) contains maintenance of effort and similar provisions requiring that recipients maintain certain levels of spending for selected programs. This report provides information on selected programs in the Recovery Act with maintenance of effort or similar provisions, the guidance federal agencies have issued to implement these requirements, and how responsible federal agencies are in determining whether recipients meet these requirements. To conduct this work, Government Accountability Office (GAO) identified programs in the Recovery Act that contain a new maintenance of effort or similar provision; account for at least $4 billion in appropriations by agency; and collectively account for about $100.5 billion of the $106.8 billion in Recovery Act appropriations with these provisions. For these selected programs, GAO analyzed program documents and interviewed federal and state officials. GAO recommends that Education take further action to enhance transparency by requiring states to include an explanation of changes to maintenance of effort levels in their State Fiscal Stabilization Fund application resubmissions. Two appendices are included: (1) Objectives, Scope, and Methodology; and (2) GAO Contacts and Staff Acknowledgments. (Contains 4 tables, 1 figure and 31 footnotes.).

The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.