Magnetic Materials and 3D Finite Element Modeling explores material characterization and finite element modeling (FEM) applications. This book relates to electromagnetic analysis based on Maxwell’s equations and application of the finite element (FE) method to low frequency devices. A great source for senior undergraduate and graduate students in electromagnetics, it also supports industry professionals working in magnetics, electromagnetics, ferromagnetic materials science and electrical engineering. The authors present current concepts on ferromagnetic material characterizations and losses. They provide introductory material; highlight basic electromagnetics, present experimental and numerical modeling related to losses and focus on FEM applied to 3D applications. They also explain various formulations, and discuss numerical codes. • Furnishes algorithms in computational language • Summarizes concepts related to the FE method • Uses classical algebra to present the method, making it easily accessible to engineers Written in an easy-to-understand tutorial format, the text begins with a short presentation of Maxwell’s equations, discusses the generation mechanism of iron losses, and introduces their static and dynamic components. It then demonstrates simplified models for the hysteresis phenomena under alternating magnetic fields. The book also focuses on the Preisach and Jiles–Atherton models, discusses vector hysterisis modeling, introduces the FE technique, and presents nodal and edge elements applied to 3D FE formulation connected to the hysteretic phenomena. The book discusses the concept of source-field for magnetostatic cases, magnetodynamic fields, eddy currents, and anisotropy. It also explores the need for more sophisticated coding, and presents techniques for solving linear systems generated by the FE cases while considering advantages and drawbacks.

Written by specialists of modeling in electromagnetism, this book provides a comprehensive review of the finite element method for low frequency applications. Fundamentals of the method as well as new advances in the field are described in detail. Chapters 1 to 4 present general 2D and 3D static and dynamic formulations by the use of scalar and vector unknowns and adapted interpolations for the fields (nodal, edge, face or volume). Chapter 5 is dedicated to the presentation of different macroscopic behavior laws of materials and their implementation in a finite element context: anisotropy and hysteretic properties for magnetic sheets, iron losses, non-linear permanent magnets and superconductors. More specific formulations are then proposed: the modeling of thin regions when finite elements become misfit (Chapter 6), infinite domains by using geometrical transformations (Chapter 7), the coupling of 2D and 3D formulations with circuit equations (Chapter 8), taking into account the movement, particularly in the presence of Eddy currents (Chapter 9) and an original approach for the treatment of geometrical symmetries when the sources are not symmetric (Chapter 10). Chapters 11 to 13 are devoted to coupled problems: magneto-thermal coupling for induction heating, magneto-mechanical coupling by introducing the notion of strong and weak coupling and magneto-hydrodynamical coupling focusing on electromagnetic instabilities in fluid conductors. Chapter 14 presents different meshing methods in the context of electromagnetism (presence of air) and introduces self-adaptive mesh refinement procedures. Optimization techniques are then covered in Chapter 15, with the adaptation of deterministic and probabilistic methods to the numerical finite element environment. Chapter 16 presents a variational approach of electromagnetism, showing how Maxwell equations are derived from thermodynamic principles.

Magnetic Materials and 3D Finite Element Modeling explores material characterization and finite element modeling (FEM) applications. This book relates to electromagnetic analysis based on Maxwell's equations and application of the finite element (FE) method to low frequency devices. A great source for senior undergraduate and graduate students in electromagnetics, it also supports industry professionals working in magnetics, electromagnetics, ferromagnetic materials science and electrical engineering. The authors present current concepts on ferromagnetic material characterizations and losses. They provide introductory material; highlight basic electromagnetics, present experimental and numerical modeling related to losses and focus on FEM applied to 3D applications. They also explain various formulations, and discuss numerical codes. • Furnishes algorithms in computational language • Summarizes concepts related to the FE method • Uses classical algebra to present the method, making it easily accessible to engineers Written in an easy-to-understand tutorial format, the text begins with a short presentation of Maxwell's equations, discusses the generation mechanism of iron losses, and introduces their static and dynamic components. It then demonstrates simplified models for the hysteresis phenomena under alternating magnetic fields. The book also focuses on the Preisach and Jiles-Atherton models, discusses vector hysterisis modeling, introduces the FE technique, and presents nodal and edge elements applied to 3D FE formulation connected to the hysteretic phenomena. The book discusses the concept of source-field for magnetostatic cases, magnetodynamic fields, eddy currents, and anisotropy. It also explores the need for more sophisticated coding, and presents techniques for solving linear systems generated by the FE cases while considering advantages and drawbacks.

Unlike any other source in the field, this valuable reference clearly examines key aspects of the finite element method (FEM) for electromagnetic analysis of low-frequency electrical devices. The authors examine phenomena such as nonlinearity, mechanical force, electrical circuit coupling, vibration, heat, and movement for applications in the elect

This book provides the latest research on a new alternative form of technology, the magnetocaloric energy conversion. This area of research concerns magnetic refrigeration and cooling, magnetic heat pumping and magnetic power generation. The book’s systematic approach offers the theoretical basis of magnetocaloric energy conversion and its various sub domains and this is supported with the practical examples. Besides these fundamentals, the book also introduces potential solutions to engineering problems in magnetocalorics and to alternative technologies of solid state energy conversion. The aim of the book is therefore to provide engineers with the most up-to-date information and also to facilitate the understanding, design and construction of future magnetocaloric energy conversion devices. The magnetocaloric energy conversion represents an alternative to compressor based refrigerators and heat pumps. It is a serious alternative to power generation with low enthalpy heat sources. This green technology offers an opportunity to use environmentally friendly solid refrigerants and the potentially high energy efficiency follows the trends of future energy conversion devices. This book is intended for postgraduate students and researchers of refrigeration, heat pumping, power generation alternatives, heat regenerators and advanced heat transfer mechanisms.

Written by the leading experts in computational materials science, this handy reference concisely reviews the most important aspects of plasticity modeling: constitutive laws, phase transformations, texture methods, continuum approaches and damage mechanisms. As a result, it provides the knowledge needed to avoid failures in critical systems udner mechanical load. With its various application examples to micro- and macrostructure mechanics, this is an invaluable resource for mechanical engineers as well as for researchers wanting to improve on this method and extend its outreach.

4th International Conference on Smart Materials, Structures and Systems Symposium A Selected, peer reviewed papers from CIMTEC 2012 - 4th International Conference on Smart Materials, Structures and Systems, June 10-14, 2012, Terme, Italy