Magic squares are among the more popular mathematical recreations. Over the last 50 years, many generalizations of “magic” ideas have been applied to graphs. Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in “magic labelings” due to a number of results that have applications to the problem of decomposing graphs into trees. Key features of this second edition include: · a new chapter on magic labeling of directed graphs · applications of theorems from graph theory and interesting counting arguments · new research problems and exercises covering a range of difficulties · a fully updated bibliography and index This concise, self-contained exposition is unique in its focus on the theory of magic graphs/labelings. It may serve as a graduate or advanced undergraduate text for courses in mathematics or computer science, and as reference for the researcher.

Magic squares, their origins lost in antiquity, are among the more popular mathematical recreations. Over the years a number of generalizations have been proposed, going back in the last century to Sedl cek (early 1960s) who asked whether "magic" ideas could be applied to graphs. Around the same time Kotzig and Rosa formulated the study of graph labelings, or valuations as they were first called. In the last decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in "magic labelings" and other graph valuations, e.g., graceful labelings, due to a number of interesting results that have applications and are related to the problems of decomposing graphs into trees. Trees remain an elusive subject. From the pure mathematics viewpoint, no progress has been made in answering the question: Does every tree have an edge-magic total labeling? However, the corresponding problem for vertex-magic total labelings has been solved, and the details are examined in this volume. The book also contains a number of recent constructions of magic graphs and verifications that families of graphs are magic. Key features: * short historical account of the subject * concise, self-contained text, systematic exposition from basic topics in graph theory to current research * applications of theorems from graph theory and interesting counting arguments * exercises, research problems covering a range of difficulties, extensive bibliography, index * solutions to many exercises This concise, self-contained exposition is unique in its focus on the theory of magic graphs/labeling and its applications to a number of new areas. It may serve as a graduate text for a special topics seminar in mathematics or computer science, or as a professional text for the researcher.

Magic and antimagic labelings are among the oldest labeling schemes in graph theory. This book takes readers on a journey through these labelings, from early beginnings with magic squares up to the latest results and beyond. Starting from the very basics, the book offers a detailed account of all magic and antimagic type labelings of undirected graphs. Long-standing problems are surveyed and presented along with recent results in classical labelings. In addition, the book covers an assortment of variations on the labeling theme, all in one self-contained monograph. Assuming only basic familiarity with graphs, this book, complete with carefully written proofs of most results, is an ideal introduction to graph labeling for students learning the subject. More than 150 open problems and conjectures make it an invaluable guide for postgraduate and early career researchers, as well as an excellent reference for established graph theorists.

Graph theory, and graph labeling in particular, are fast-growing research areas in mathematics. New results are constantly being discovered and published at a rapidly increasing rate due to the enormous number of open problems and conjectures in the field. This book deals mainly with the super edge-antimagic branch of graph labeling. It is written for specialists, but could be read also by postgraduate or undergraduate students with high school knowledge of mathematics and a vibrant interest in problem-solving.

Stimulating and accessible, this undergraduate-level text covers basic graph theory, colorings of graphs, circuits and cycles, labeling graphs, drawings of graphs, measurements of closeness to planarity, graphs on surfaces, and applications and algorithms. 1994 edition.

FUZZY INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS A comprehensive guide to Expert Systems and Fuzzy Logic that is the backbone of artificial intelligence. The objective in writing the book is to foster advancements in the field and help disseminate results concerning recent applications and case studies in the areas of fuzzy logic, intelligent systems, and web-based applications among working professionals and those in education and research covering a broad cross section of technical disciplines. Fuzzy Intelligent Systems: Methodologies, Techniques, and Applications comprises state-of-the-art chapters detailing how expert systems are built and how the fuzzy logic resembling human reasoning, powers them. Engineers, both current and future, need systematic training in the analytic theory and rigorous design of fuzzy control systems to keep up with and advance the rapidly evolving field of applied control technologies. As a consequence, expert systems with fuzzy logic capabilities make for a more versatile and innovative handling of problems. This book showcases the combination of fuzzy logic and neural networks known as a neuro-fuzzy system, which results in a hybrid intelligent system by combining a human-like reasoning style of neural networks. Audience Researchers and students in computer science, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data analytics and information and communication technology-related fields. Students will gain a thorough understanding of fuzzy control systems theory by mastering its contents.

Graphs, Combinatorics, Algorithms and Applications: The research papers contributed by leading experts in their respective field discusses current areas of research in graph theory such as: Graphoidal covers Hyper graphs Domination in graph Signed graphs Graph labelings and Theoretical computer science This volume will serve as an excellent reference for experts and research scholars working in Graph Theory and related topics.