Going by many different names, these are a staple of safety programs with public works agencies across the country, as well as safety-conscious contractors. They can take place as often as you find helpful. They can be held weekly or monthly or in connection with a new activity or season. They are intended to be short and focused so that, over time and together with your existing practices and policies, they help build a culture of safety within your crews. As a service to our local agencies, our intent is to provide supervisors with packages of materials, targeted towards a broad array of public works equipment and practices, that will make it easy for you to carry out these important talks. The idea of a tailgate safety talk is to take a discrete activity, practice, or piece of equipment and drill into it quickly in a way that is relevant to what your crews are doing or are likely to encounter. Typically, we’ll talk about the dangers or risks, some best safety practices, perhaps some statistics, and try to relate case studies from OSHA or elsewhere. You can carry out tailgate safety talks however you find best, but some guidelines to consider include: Hold talks on a regular basis – weekly or monthly – so crews get used to them and see them as a regular part of the job and see them as a resource for their protection. Keep them short – they are focused on a specific, limited topic, so they needn’t be more than 10-15 minutes long. Time them right so they don’t “interfere” with the work – the beginning of a work shift is a great time, but they can also be part of a “lunch and learn” session. Refreshments – always a good idea if you can make it happen. If it’s a morning briefing, coffee and pastries will get their attention. If it’s a lunch time thing, you can bring in sandwiches or pizza. Include props when you can. If the topic is ladders have one or more at the ready to point to or demonstrate with. If it’s fall protection, have a harness on hand. Leave time for questions and encourage interaction. Keep it light – these safety topics are serious business, but the talks should be light-hearted and presented positively. They are not the place to single out crew members about incidents in the past (although you can certainly make reference to them in a non-critical way). Incorporate your agency’s policies and the specific challenges of your equipment, geography, climate, personnel policies, safety requirements, and so on. Later…lead by example. If your crew members see you practicing what they heard from you during the talk, it can be a powerful tool. However, when you fail to practice what you preached, it can quickly undermine your safety culture.

The purpose of this manual is to provide clear and helpful information for maintaining gravel roads. Very little technical help is available to small agencies that are responsible for managing these roads. Gravel road maintenance has traditionally been "more of an art than a science" and very few formal standards exist. This manual contains guidelines to help answer the questions that arise concerning gravel road maintenance such as: What is enough surface crown? What is too much? What causes corrugation? The information is as nontechnical as possible without sacrificing clear guidelines and instructions on how to do the job right.

This roadside safety design package has been developed to satisfy a need for training in this area. It is hoped that all persons involved in the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of highways will become familiar with the concepts contained in the program. The concepts and practices discussed come from those contained in the AASHTO publication, "Highway Design and Operational Practices Related to Highway Safety". They are discussed in considerable depth in this program and should provide a good working knowledge of roadside safety design. Much of the program is oriented around freeways; however, the principles apply equally toward the lower order highway.

"TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 442: Practices and Performance Measures for Local Public Agency Federally Funded Highway Projects explores what performance measures, delivery practices, strategies, and tools are currently used in relation to federally-funded local public agency (LPA) highway project development and delivery, and how they are used to measure success in project administration. " -- Publisher's description.