This guidance manual is intended to help public water systems (PWSs) comply with the disinfection profiling and benchmarking requirements of the Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT1ESWTR). The requirements of the LT1ESWTR apply to PWSs that: Serve fewer than 10,000 people; and, are classified as either surface water or ground water under the direct influence of surface water (GWUDI). This manual explains disinfection profiling and benchmarking, discusses when and why they are necessary, and provides guidance as to how to compile a disinfection profile and how to calculate the benchmark. This guidance manual also discusses how systems and States may use these data to make decisions about disinfection practices.

Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is the dominant desalination process worldwide for obtaining fresh water from the sea. The subject matter and scope of this book is the conceptual and advanced planning, design and engineering of plants of this desalination process together with the associated facilities for seawater pretreatment, post-treatment of the product water, wastewater treatment, seawater extraction and plant discharge. The book is intended to be used by technicians, engineers, economists and ecologists in the planning, design and operation of SWRO plants, as an educational and training tool, as well as an aid in environmental licensing of membrane desalination plants, and by interested laypersons for information about this process. The two volumes are also available as a set.