Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote in the Preface to his famous Discourse on Inequality that “I consider the subject of the following discourse as one of the most interesting questions philosophy can propose, and unhappily for us, one of the most thorny that philosophers can have to solve. For how shall we know the source of inequality between men, if we do not begin by knowing mankind?” (Rousseau, 1754). This citation of Rousseau appears in an article in Spanish where Dagum (2001), in the memory of whom this book is published, also cites Socrates who said that the only useful knowledge is that which makes us better and Seneca who wrote that knowing what a straight line is, is not important if we do not know what rectitude is. These references are indeed a good illustration of Dagum’s vast knowledge, which was clearly not limited to the ?eld of Economics. For Camilo the ?rst part of Rousseau’s citation certainly justi?ed his interest in the ?eld of inequality which was at the centre of his scienti?c preoccupations. It should however be stressed that for Camilo the second part of the citation represented a “solid argument in favor of giving macroeconomic foundations to microeconomic behavior” (Dagum, 2001). More precisely, “individualism and methodological holism complete each other in contributing to the explanation of individual and social behavior” (Dagum, 2001).

Economy, Society, and Public Policy is a new way to learn economics. It is designed specifically for students studying social sciences, public policy, business studies, engineering and other disciplines who want to understand how the economy works and how it can be made to work better. Topical policy problems are used to motivate learning of key concepts and methods of economics. It engages, challenges and empowers students, and will provide them with the tools to articulate reasoned views on pressing policy problems. This project is the result of a worldwide collaboration between researchers, educators, and students who are committed to bringing the socially relevant insights of economics to a broader audience.KEY FEATURESESPP does not teach microeconomics as a body of knowledge separate from macroeconomicsStudents begin their study of economics by understanding that the economy is situated within society and the biosphereStudents study problems of identifying causation, not just correlation, through the use of natural experiments, lab experiments, and other quantitative methodsSocial interactions, modelled using simple game theory, and incomplete information, modelled using a series of principal-agent problems, are introduced from the beginning. As a result, phenomena studied by the other social sciences such as social norms and the exercise of power play a roleThe insights of diverse schools of thought, from Marx and the classical economists to Hayek and Schumpeter, play an integral part in the bookThe way economists think about public policy is central to ESPP. This is introduced in Units 2 and 3, rather than later in the course.

What is Lorenz Curve A graphical representation of the distribution of wealth or income is known as the Lorenz curve, and it is used in the field of economics. Max O. Lorenz came up with the idea in 1905 for the purpose of providing a representation of the unequal distribution of income. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Lorenz curve Chapter 2: Gini coefficient Chapter 3: Normal distribution Chapter 4: Pareto distribution Chapter 5: Log-normal distribution Chapter 6: Jensen's inequality Chapter 7: Income inequality metrics Chapter 8: Logistic distribution Chapter 9: Coefficient of variation Chapter 10: Laplace distribution Chapter 11: Lévy distribution Chapter 12: Jaccard index Chapter 13: Theil index Chapter 14: Atkinson index Chapter 15: Mean absolute difference Chapter 16: Generalized Pareto distribution Chapter 17: Log-logistic distribution Chapter 18: Lorenz asymmetry coefficient Chapter 19: Dagum distribution Chapter 20: Noncentral beta distribution Chapter 21: Log-Cauchy distribution (II) Answering the public top questions about lorenz curve. (III) Real world examples for the usage of lorenz curve in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Lorenz Curve.

My interest in majorization was first spurred by Ingram aIkin's proclivity for finding Schur convex functions lurking in the problem section of every issue of the American Mathematical Monthly. Later my interest in income inequality led me again to try and "really" understand Hardy, Littlewood and Polya' s contributions to the majori zation literature. I have found the income distribution context to be quite convenient for discussion of inequality orderings. The pre sent set of notes is designed for a one quarter course introducing majorization and the Lorenz order. The inequality principles of Dalton, especially the transfer or Robin Hood principle, are given appropriate prominence. Initial versions of these notes were used in graduate statistics classes taught at the Colegio de Postgraduados, Chapingo, Mexico and the University of California, Riverside. I am grateful to students in these classes for their constructive critical commentaries. My wife Carole made noble efforts to harness my free form writ ing and punctuation. Occasionally I was unmoved by her requests for clarification. Time will probably prove her right in these instances also. Peggy Franklin did an outstanding job of typing the manu script, and patiently endured requests for innumerable modifications.

A sophisticated account of income equalities and poverty in Malaysia which will be of particular interest to policy makers. A range of issues is covered -- from data problems to conceptural questions arising with respect to measurement.

New Algorithms, Architectures and Applications for Reconfigurable Computing consists of a collection of contributions from the authors of some of the best papers from the Field Programmable Logic conference (FPL’03) and the Design and Test Europe conference (DATE’03). In all, seventy-nine authors, from research teams from all over the world, were invited to present their latest research in the extended format permitted by this special volume. The result is a valuable book that is a unique record of the state of the art in research into field programmable logic and reconfigurable computing. The contributions are organized into twenty-four chapters and are grouped into three main categories: architectures, tools and applications. Within these three broad areas the most strongly represented themes are coarse-grained architectures; dynamically reconfigurable and multi-context architectures; tools for coarse-grained and reconfigurable architectures; networking, security and encryption applications. Field programmable logic and reconfigurable computing are exciting research disciplines that span the traditional boundaries of electronic engineering and computer science. When the skills of both research communities are combined to address the challenges of a single research discipline they serve as a catalyst for innovative research. The work reported in the chapters of this book captures that spirit of that innovation.