Computerized spreadsheets are tremendously popular and useful. Despite their success, computerized spreadsheet systems today have significant and unnecessary restrictions that limit their usefulness. One significant restriction is that the formulas used to specify calculations must be functions. Another unnecessary restriction is that propagation can only occur in one direction. We can lift these restrictions, allowing for many-to-many logical constraints and multidirectional propagation. We call such a spreadsheet a logical spreadsheet. We allow for inconsistency between the constraints of the spreadsheet. To allow for the consequences of the spreadsheet to be shown, we create a new paraconsistent entailment relation and show how it can be computed. We discuss the issues involved in updating a logical spreadsheet, and design a family of domain-independent update operators for updating logical spreadsheets. To allow for domain-dependent behavior, we design a logic called Markov Change Logic that can be used to express update policies for spreadsheets. The design of Markov Change Logic is motivated in part by an analysis of dynamic database constraints, in which we prove that all database constraints can be reduced to Markov dynamic constraints if the schema may be reformulated. We describe the implementation of a logical spreadsheet engine called Webcell which can be used to turn Web pages into logical spreadsheets, and discuss its application to the Stanford Computer Science Master's Program Sheets.

This is the first edition of a textbook written for a community college introductory course in spreadsheets utilizing Microsoft Excel; second edition available: https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/beginningexcel19/. While the figures shown utilize Excel 2016, the textbook was written to be applicable to other versions of Excel as well. The book introduces new users to the basics of spreadsheets and is appropriate for students in any major who have not used Excel before.

This book describes recent multidisciplinary research at the confluence of the fields of logic programming, database theory and human-computer interaction. The goal of this effort was to develop the basis of a deductive spreadsheet, a user productivity application that allows users without formal training in computer science to make decisions about generic data in the same simple way they currently use spreadsheets to make decisions about numerical data. The result is an elegant design supported by the most recent developments in the above disciplines. The first half of the book focuses on the deductive engine that underlies this application, the foundations that users do not see. After giving a mathematical model of traditional spreadsheet applications, we extend them with operators to perform a number of relational tasks, similar to the user view of a database but in a spreadsheet context. Expressing this extension in a logic programming framework is a natural step towards giving it powerful deductive capabilities. The second half of the book deals with the user interface, the part of the application with which the user actually interacts. We review the elements of the graphical user interface of traditional spreadsheet applications and describe practical methodologies for designing user interfaces borrowed from the field of cognitive psychology. We then propose a design that conservatively integrates mechanisms for a user to take advantage of the new deductive capabilities. This is followed by the results of some preliminary usability experiments. The book will appeal to researchers and practitioners in the various areas underlying this work. Researchers will not only find interesting new developments in their domains, but will also learn how to achieve a multidisciplinary focus. Practitioners will find fully developed solutions to numerous problems that are not easily solvable using traditional spreadsheet applications.

This book is a gentle but rigorous introduction to formal logic. It is intended primarily for use at the college level. However, it can also be used for advanced secondary school students, and it can be used at the start of graduate school for those who have not yet seen the material. The approach to teaching logic used here emerged from more than 20 years of teaching logic to students at Stanford University and from teaching logic to tens of thousands of others via online courses on the World Wide Web. The approach differs from that taken by other books in logic in two essential ways, one having to do with content, the other with form. Like many other books on logic, this one covers logical syntax and semantics and proof theory plus induction. However, unlike other books, this book begins with Herbrand semantics rather than the more traditional Tarskian semantics. This approach makes the material considerably easier for students to understand and leaves them with a deeper understanding of what logic is all about. The primary content difference concerns the semantics of the logic that is taught. In addition to this text, there are online exercises (with automated grading), online logic tools and applications, online videos of lectures, and an online forum for discussion. They are available at logic.stanford.edu/intrologic/. Table of Contents: Introduction / Propositional Logic / Propositional Proofs / Propositional Resolution / Satisfiability / Herbrand Logic / Herbrand Logic Proofs / Resolution / Induction / First Order Logic

This book is a gentle but rigorous introduction to Formal Logic. It is intended primarily for use at the college level. However, it can also be used for advanced secondary school students, and it can be used at the start of graduate school for those who have not yet seen the material. The approach to teaching logic used here emerged from more than 20 years of teaching logic to students at Stanford University and from teaching logic to tens of thousands of others via online courses on the World Wide Web. The approach differs from that taken by other books in logic in two essential ways, one having to do with content, the other with form. Like many other books on logic, this one covers logical syntax and semantics and proof theory plus induction. However, unlike other books, this book begins with Herbrand semantics rather than the more traditional Tarskian semantics. This approach makes the material considerably easier for students to understand and leaves them with a deeper understanding of what logic is all about. In addition to this text, there are online exercises (with automated grading), online logic tools and applications, online videos of lectures, and an online forum for discussion. They are available at logic.stanford.edu/intrologic/

Knowing that this world is now moving toward a global village—we are in information era where practically nothing can be done without the power of computers in most industries. A solid knowledge about fundamentals of computing has become indispensable in everyday life. This book has been prepared for you to uncover several confusing concepts that pose a big challenge to computer learners and users. I am coming from both educational and professional background with great experience to better alienate the hinges that serve as obstacles to high-tech solutions to everyone. It is the togetherness of a great practical experience, educational and teaching skills, technical know-how, and continuous customer value-added service and research that has always been the source of creation of this book and three other computer science books. The feedbacks so far received from few professors in information technology in Dallas, Texas, area strongly suggests the use of these books as a great fundamental and companion material for computer science students. In Ghana, the Education Service and Curriculum Research and Development Department (CRDD) has approved the Concise ICT Fundamentals textbook as the recommended supplementary material for the teaching and learning of ICT in senior high schools, technical schools, and colleges of education and for general usage. The organization of the core material in this book both provides support training unconditionally to everyone who wants to be computer literate and also extends its learning curve to high quality ICT systems engineering to individuals or companies already operational in the high-tech industry. This book provides a solid foundation for information technology. This book is essentially prepared for senior high school and first year college students. You don’t want to miss this good news.

Features the latest research findings dealing with end user computing concepts, issues and trends. Empirical and theoretical research concerned with all aspects of end user computing including development, utilization and management are included.