In Logical Frameworks, Huet and Plotkin gathered contributions from the first International Workshop on Logical Frameworks. This volume has grown from the second workshop, and as before the contributions are of the highest calibre. Four main themes are covered: the general problem of representing formal systems in logical frameworks, basic algorithms of general use in proof assistants, logical issues, and large-scale experiments with proof assistants.

Mathematical logic is a branch of mathematics that takes axiom systems and mathematical proofs as its objects of study. This book shows how it can also provide a foundation for the development of information science and technology. The first five chapters systematically present the core topics of classical mathematical logic, including the syntax and models of first-order languages, formal inference systems, computability and representability, and Gödel’s theorems. The last five chapters present extensions and developments of classical mathematical logic, particularly the concepts of version sequences of formal theories and their limits, the system of revision calculus, proschemes (formal descriptions of proof methods and strategies) and their properties, and the theory of inductive inference. All of these themes contribute to a formal theory of axiomatization and its application to the process of developing information technology and scientific theories. The book also describes the paradigm of three kinds of language environments for theories and it presents the basic properties required of a meta-language environment. Finally, the book brings these themes together by describing a workflow for scientific research in the information era in which formal methods, interactive software and human invention are all used to their advantage. This book represents a valuable reference for graduate and undergraduate students and researchers in mathematics, information science and technology, and other relevant areas of natural sciences. Its first five chapters serve as an undergraduate text in mathematical logic and the last five chapters are addressed to graduate students in relevant disciplines.

This book is a tribute to Professor Ewa Orłowska, a Polish logician who was celebrating the 60th year of her scientific career in 2017. It offers a collection of contributed papers by different authors and covers the most important areas of her research. Prof. Orłowska made significant contributions to many fields of logic, such as proof theory, algebraic methods in logic and knowledge representation, and her work has been published in 3 monographs and over 100 articles in internationally acclaimed journals and conference proceedings. The book also includes Prof. Orłowska’s autobiography, bibliography and a trialogue between her and the editors of the volume, as well as contributors' biographical notes, and is suitable for scholars and students of logic who are interested in understanding more about Prof. Orłowska’s work.

One of the central issues of analytic philosophy and especially the theory of language is the concept of logical form. As typically understood this concept covers investigations into universal logical features underlying languages. However, from Frege and Russell onwards logical form analysts were no longer confined to such narrow linguistic perspectives. For them, investigating the logical form of language took the wider philosophical perspective of trying to understand language as our principal means for representing the world. From Russell's theory of definite descriptions to Davidson's truth-theoretical analyses of adverbial modification, citation, and reported speech, to lay open the logical structures underlying language is seen as a way of revealing the structure and features of the thereby represented world. Seventeen specially written essays by eminent philosophers and linguists appear for the first time in this anthology. Logical Form and Language brings together exciting new contributions from diverse points of view, which illuminate the lively current debate about this topic.

This volume presents the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Logic Programming and Automated Reasoning, held aboard the ship "Marshal Koshevoi" on the Dnieper near Kiev, Ukraine in July 1994. The LPAR conferences are held annually in the former Soviet Union and aimed at bringing together researchers interested in LP and AR. This proceedings contains the full versions of the 24 accepted papers evaluated by at least three referees ensuring a program of highest quality. The papers cover all relevant aspects of LP and AR ranging from theory to implementation and application.

This volume contains some lecture notes of the 12th Reasoning Web Summer School (RW 2016), held in Aberdeen, UK, in September 2016. In 2016, the theme of the school was “Logical Foundation of Knowledge Graph Construction and Query Answering”. The notion of knowledge graph has become popular since Google started to use it to improve its search engine in 2012. Inspired by the success of Google, knowledge graphs are gaining momentum in the World Wide Web arena. Recent years have witnessed increasing industrial take-ups by other Internet giants, including Facebook's Open Graph and Microsoft's Satori. The aim of the lecture note is to provide a logical foundation for constructing and querying knowledge graphs. Our journey starts from the introduction of Knowledge Graph as well as its history, and the construction of knowledge graphs by considering both explicit and implicit author intentions. The book will then cover various topics, including how to revise and reuse ontologies (schema of knowledge graphs) in a safe way, how to combine navigational queries with basic pattern matching queries for knowledge graph, how to setup a environment to do experiments on knowledge graphs, how to deal with inconsistencies and fuzziness in ontologies and knowledge graphs, and how to combine machine learning and machine reasoning for knowledge graphs.

The Tenth International Conference on Logic Programming, sponsored by the Association for Logic Programming, is a major forum for presentations of research, applications, and implementations in this important area of computer science. Logic programming is one of the most promising steps toward declarative programming and forms the theoretical basis of the programming language Prolog and it svarious extensions. Logic programming is also fundamental to work in artificial intelligence, where it has been used for nonmonotonic and commonsense reasoning, expert systems implementation, deductive databases, and applications such as computer-aided manufacturing.David S. Warren is Professor of Computer Science at the State University of New York, Stony Brook.Topics covered: Theory and Foundations. Programming Methodologies and Tools. Meta and Higher-order Programming. Parallelism. Concurrency. Deductive Databases. Implementations and Architectures. Applications. Artificial Intelligence. Constraints. Partial Deduction. Bottom-Up Evaluation. Compilation Techniques.