The many kinds of porous geomaterials (rocks, soils, concrete, etc.) exhibit a range of responses when undergoing inelastic deformation. In doing so they commonly develop well-ordered fabric elements, forming fractures, shear bands and compaction bands, so creating the planar fabrics that are regarded as localization. Because these induced localization fabrics alter the bulk material properties (such as permeability, acoustic characteristics and strength), it is important to understand how and why localization occurs, and how it relates to its setting. The concept of damage (in several uses) describes both the precursor to localization and the context within which it occurs. A key theme is that geomaterials display a strong material evolution during deformation, revealing a close linkage between the damage and localization processes. This volume assembles perspectives from a number of disciplines, including soil mechanics, rock mechanics, structural geology, seismic anisotropy and reservoir engineering. The papers range from theoretical to observational, and include contributions showing how the deformed geomaterial's emergent bulk characteristics, like permeability and seismic anisotropy, can be predicted.

Localisation in private international law of torts is a notoriously difficult question. How do you localize financial or moral damage? What about latent damage? Should damage in the context of cyber-torts be localized differently? The great variety of tortious actions gives rise to endless difficulties ranging from banal situations involving material damage to climate change. Trying to find suitable solutions requires answering many difficult questions, such as the very definition of damage within the meaning of private international law rules, the influence of various considerations such as foreseeability, protection of the claimant, and the remedy sought. The contributions in this volume address these questions and more from the perspectives of 17 different countries, from Austria to Venezuela.

This book introduces a trans-scale framework necessary for the physical understanding of breakdown behaviors and presents some new paradigm to clarify the mechanisms underlying the trans-scale processes. The book, which is based on the interaction of mechanics and statistical physics, will help to deepen the understanding of how microdamage induces disaster and benefit the forecasting of the occurrence of catastrophic rupture. It offers notes and problems in each part as interesting background and illustrative exercises. Readers of the book would be graduate students, researchers, engineers working on civil, mechanical and geo-engineering, etc. However, people with various background but interested in disaster reduction and forecasting, like applied physics, geophysics, seismology, etc., may also be interested in the book.

Introduction and scope -- State of the art and current practice -- Laboratory testing program -- Field evaluations of CLSM -- Conclusions and suggested research -- References -- Appendices.

Plan effective patient care using standardized interprofessional clinical problems and a concept-based approach! Conceptual Nursing Care Planning, 2nd Edition, shows you how to identify clinical problems, determine expected outcomes, and choose interventions — all grounded in a logical, concept-based framework. The focus on concepts gives you the big picture, helping you recognize similarities in nursing care based on physiologic concepts, as well as differences based on the needs of individuals. Written by noted nursing educators Mariann Harding and Debra Hagler, this unique book demonstrates how the use of a concept-based approach and standardized clinical problems language makes it easier to plan effective care and communicate with other members of the interprofessional team. - NEW! Graphic representation of key conceptual relationships in each chapter enhances your understanding of the relationships among patient care concepts. - NEW! Additional assessment and screening tools for key concepts such as mobility. - UPDATED! Content reflects current Giddens concepts, updated with the latest evidence to support high-quality care. - Prioritized care planning guidance organizes interventions in an assess-intervene-teach format to help identify the most important priority interventions for patients. - Conceptual nursing care plan format includes a definition of the conceptual clinical problem, associated clinical problems, common causes, manifestations, assessment, outcomes, interventions, referrals, patient and caregiver teaching, documentation, related concepts, and related clinical problems. - 69 conceptual nursing care plans are based on Giddens concepts. - Unique approach covers concepts not addressed in other books, such as health disparities, risk for perinatal problems, impaired immunity, substance use, sensory deficits, continuity of care, and the dying process. - Use of standardized nursing language throughout conveys concepts and clinical problems in easily understandable language that is commonly used in clinical settings. - Exemplars section in the back of the book lists conditions with clinical problems that might be applicable in a particular patient population (Medical-Surgical, Pediatric, Maternity, Psychiatric). - Introduction explains the components of a conceptual nursing care plan and how to use the book to create patient-centered nursing care plans. - Conceptual care map creator on the Evolve companion website helps document care planning projects and clinical assignments.