Plutarch (c. 46-120 AD) was a Greek historian, biographer, and essayist, best known for Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, commonly called Parallel Lives or Plutarch's Lives. Plutarch's Lives is a series of biographies of famous men, arranged in tandem to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings, written in the late 1st century. The surviving "Lives" contain 23 pairs of biographies, each pair consisting of one Greek and one Roman, plus four unpaired, single lives. This volume addresses only Lycurgus, Numa Pompilis, Alexander, and Caesar.

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