If terms are associated with particular historical periods, then ’polemic’ is firmly rooted within early modern print culture, the apparently inevitable result of religious controversy and the rise of print media. Taking a broad European approach, this collection brings together specialists on medieval as well as early modern culture in order to challenge stubborn assumptions that medieval culture was homogenous and characterized by consensus; and that literary discourse is by nature ’eirenic’. Instead, the volume shows more clearly the continuities and discontinuities, especially how medieval discourse on the sins of the tongue continued into early modern discussion; how popular and influential medieval genres such as sermons and hagiography dealt with potentially heterodox positions; and the role of literary, especially fictional, debate in developing modes of articulating discord, as well as demonstrating polemic in action in political and ecclesiastical debate. Within this historical context, the position of early modern debates as part of a more general culture of articulating discord becomes more clearly visible. The structure of the volume moves from an internal textual focus, where the nature of polemic can be debated, through a middle section where these concerns are also played out in social practice, to a more historical group investigating applied polemic. In this way a more nuanced view is provided of the meaning, role, and effect of ’polemic’ both broadly across time and space, and more narrowly within specific circumstances.

"Richard Hooker has long been viewed as the first systematic defender of Anglicanism, as a via media between Roman Catholicism and Reformed Protestantism. In the last twenty years this traditional assumption has been increasingly challenged, however, and it has been argued that Hooker was a Reformed figure whose Anglican credentials are the invention of the Oxford Movement. Whilst the theological ambiguity of Hooker remains perplexing, it is clear that the seventeenth century, not the nineteenth, was responsible for the creation of his reputation as a leading Anglican father. Michael Brydon examines how, during a period of both religious and political consolidation, Hooker became both an authoritative figure and an Anglican emblem. He demonstrates how Reformed suspicions of Hooker, combined with a Catholic desire to exploit his perceived sympathies, helped secure his status as a distinctive English writer. This led to his subsequent adoption by the avant-garde churchmen and his enthronement at the Restoration, through Isaac Walton's biography, as the epitome of the Anglican identity. Unsurprisingly, the unfolding of contemporary crises led to some reappraisal of his standing. The Glorious Revolution meant that Hooker's previously unpalatable belief in an original political compact now came to the forefront and his vision of a national Church was replaced with an established one. Nevertheless, whilst the boundaries of Anglican comprehensiveness have expanded and contracted in response to particular situations, the belief that Hooker was the unparalleled guardian of the English Church has remained remarkably constant ever since."--BOOK JACKET.