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The “forgotten majority” of German merchants in London between the end of the Hanseatic League and the end of the Napoleonic Wars became the largest mercantile Christian immigrant group in the eighteenth century. Using previously neglected and little used evidence, this book assesses the causes of their migration, the establishment of their businesses in the capital, and the global reach of the enterprises. As the acquisition of British nationality was the admission ticket to Britain’s commercial empire, it investigates the commercial function of British naturalization policy in the early modern period, while also considering the risks of failure and chance for a new beginning in a foreign environment. As more German merchants integrated into British commercial society, they contributed to London becoming the leading place of exchange between the European continent, Russia, and the New World.

Excerpt from Lists of Foreign Protestants, and Aliens, Resident in England 1618-1688: From Returns in the State Paper Office The following pages contain lists, first, of the names of the French and other refugees who, in 1622, were resident in St. Martin's le-grand in London, or were engaged in the trades of cutlers (for which they made the metropolis famous, as it still remains), joiners, ceelers, a carvers, and tallow-chandlers; and also of the foreigners who were then resident in the principal places of refuge in England, viz. Canterbury, Maidstone, the Cinque Ports, Norwich, and Col chester; and, secondly, of those refugees who came into this country between the years 1678 and 1688, during the troubles preceding and immediately following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and to whom free letters of denization were granted by Charles II. And James II. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.