The manual describes LISP, a formal mathematical language. LISP differs from most programming languages in three important ways. The first way is in the nature of the data. The LISP language is designed primarily for symbolic data processing used for symbolic calculations in differential and integral calculus, electrical circuit theory, mathematical logic, game playing, and other fields of artificial intelligence. The manual describes LISP, a formal mathematical language. LISP differs from most programming languages in three important ways. The first way is in the nature of the data. In the LISP language, all data are in the form of symbolic expressions usually referred to as S-expressions, of indefinite length, and which have a branching tree-type of structure, so that significant subexpressions can be readily isolated. In the LISP system, the bulk of the available memory is used for storing S-expressions in the form of list structures. The second distinction is that the LISP language is the source language itself which specifies in what way the S-expressions are to be processed. Third, LISP can interpret and execute programs written in the form of S-expressions. Thus, like machine language, and unlike most other high level languages, it can be used to generate programs for further executions.

* Treats LISP as a language for commercial applications, not a language for academic AI concerns. This could be considered to be a secondary text for the Lisp course that most schools teach . This would appeal to students who sat through a LISP course in college without quite getting it – so a "nostalgia" approach, as in "wow-lisp can be practical..." * Discusses the Lisp programming model and environment. Contains an introduction to the language and gives a thorough overview of all of Common Lisp’s main features. * Designed for experienced programmers no matter what languages they may be coming from and written for a modern audience—programmers who are familiar with languages like Java, Python, and Perl. * Includes several examples of working code that actually does something useful like Web programming and database access.

This is a high-quality, hardbound edition of the official GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, from the current Emacs Version 24.5 distribution. It is printed on acid free and lignin free paper, that meets all ANSI standards for archival quality paper. *** The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is also available for free within GNU Emacs itself, via the help system, or online. Professional users may find this hardbound edition convenient for frequent consultation, and an excellent copy for desktop reference. *** For each copy of this manual sold, 10% of its gross sale revenue is donated to the Free Software Foundation (FSF).

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2012, held in Tallinn, Estonia, as part of ETAPS 2012, in March/April 2012. The 28 full papers, presented together with one full length invited talk, were carefully reviewed and selected from 92 submissions. Papers were invited on all aspects of programming language research, including: programming paradigms and styles, methods and tools to write and specify programs and languages, methods and tools for reasoning about programs, methods and tools for implementation, and concurrency and distribution.

Highly accessible treatment covers cons cell structures, evaluation rules, programs as data, recursive and applicable programming styles. Nearly 400 illustrations, answers to exercises, "toolkit" sections, and a variety of complete programs. 1990 edition.