Liquid Biopsy in Urogenital Cancers and Their Clinical Utility presents updated information on liquid biopsy techniques and their utility for diagnosing urological cancers. As a promising and recent diagnostic method, these techniques can be used for identifying tumors at initial stage, thus greatly improving treatment outcomes and survivorship. Chapters provide an overview of liquid biopsy as a new tool for diagnosis, monitoring and personalized medicine in urogenital cancers and explain its applicability in different cancer types, including bladder, prostate, kidney and testis tumors, female genital tract and pediatric urogenital tumors. This is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, oncologists, graduate students, urologists and biomedical researchers who need to understand more about liquid biopsy and its use for urogenital cancers. - Presents an overview on liquid biopsy techniques and their applications in cancer diagnosis - Explains how to extract circulating tumor DNA, RNA and circulating tumor cells and extracellular vehicles from blood samples to identify the urology cancers, including testis, prostate, bladder and kidney - Includes several images and schematic diagrams that illustrate content and facilitate its comprehension

This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

This book highlights the similarities and differences in the pathology of the genital and urinary tracts in males and females.

The identification of normal and breast cancer stem cells has offered a new vision of this heterogeneous disease and new hopes for its prognosis and treatment. This volume provides an overview of recent developments in mammary stem cell research and discusses the many varieties of approaches used by researchers to investigate the properties and functions of mammary stem cells. The beginning chapters provide readers with an introduction to mammary stem cells, and the processes used to characterize stem cells and isolate them via fluorescent activated cell sorting. The next few chapters discuss DNA and mRNA sequencing, proteomic techniques to help profile cells, lentiviral cell transduction for gene expression, and in vivo lineage tracing. The final few chapters are dedicated to following stem cells from their initial niche to the new microenvironment at their metastasis site, and to studying these cells using physical and mathematical approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, the chapters include the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results in the laboratory. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Mammary Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols aims to help members of the scientific community explore the behavior of stem cells and how to work with them in order to guide the design of new and complimentary strategies to be applied in the clinic with the ultimate end goal of fighting breast cancer.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This textbook, endorsed by the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), provides adult and paediatric nurses with a full and informative guide covering all aspects of transplant nursing, from basic principles to advanced concepts. It takes the reader on a journey through the history of transplant nursing, including essential and progressive elements to help nurses improve their knowledge and benefit the patient experience, as well as a comprehensive introduction to research and auditing methods. This new volume specifically intended for nurses, complements the ESH-EBMT reference title, a popular educational resource originally developed in 2003 for physicians to accompany an annual training course also serving as an educational tool in its own right. This title is designed to develop the knowledge of nurses in transplantation. It is the first book of its kind specifically targeted at nurses in this specialist field and acknowledges the valuable contribution that nursing makes in this area. This volume presents information that is essential for the education of nurses new to transplantation, while also offering a valuable resource for more experienced nurses who wish to update their knowledge.

Genetics and Epigenetics of Genitourinary Diseases aims to provide a comprehensive collection of data on genetics and epigenetics in almost all genitourinary diseases for researchers, clinicians, and graduate students. This book discusses several genetic and epigenetic changes like DNA methylation, mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms, DNA rearrangements, chromosomal remodeling, microsatellite instability, and chromosomal instability (CIN) in genitourinary cancers. This book is split into 18 chapters, beginning with the importance of genetics and epigenetics in genitourinary diseases. It then goes on to cover the genetics and epigenetics of various diseases and tumors. Certain chapters present novel techniques of next-generation sequencing (NGS). Furthermore, RNA-Seq is discussed as a sequencing technique that uses NGS to reveal the presence and quantity of RNA in a biological sample. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and students in genetics and epigenetics who want to broaden their understanding of the field. - Provides a unique collection of genetics and epigenetics in genitourinary - Covers the subject of genetic and epigenetics in urological malignancies, infertility, and urolithiasis - Gives novel insights into genitourinary diseases even the rare ones and sheds light on genitourinary diseases from DNA methylation to CIN

This contributed volume emphasizes the potential of stem cells to be pertained in the urology field and attempts to disclose the history of the field up to the latest advances to date. It gathers the majority of papers that advocate utilizing stem cells as the best option for treating, diagnosing, and managing diseases related to urological system. This book covers a broad spectrum of issues, including mesenchymal stem cells, cancer stem cells, organoids, regenerative medicine, erectile dysfunction, bladder dysfunction, and kidney transplant. From several decades ago, as characteristic features of stem cells have been explored, it has attracted a great amount of interests. In view of their multiple capacity of differentiating into various lineages, many studies were conducted to assess their beneficial potential. Despite considerable progress into applying stem cells in animal models, for translating into clinical practices there are several obstacles to be resolved. However, few clinical studies have been performed in each field and outcomes were delightful. There is an ongoing hope for stem cells to someday, be the mainstream treatments of urological diseases, although stem cells treatments already exist they are not well-known. Indeed, this book is essential for anyone who is working with the purpose of employing stem cells to treat the urological diseases and discusses at length the latest advances as well as their limitations.