Regan examines the ideal conditions for light international intervention and analyzes the remarkably successful Bougainville peace process, which ended in apparently intractable, violent, and deeply divisive separatist conflict that for much of the period from 1988 to 1997 destabilized both Papua New Guinea and the wider Pacific islands region.

The introduction of artificial lighting extends the time of wakefulness after dark and enables work at night, thus disturbing the human circadian rhythm. The understanding of the physiological mechanisms of visual and non-visual systems may be important for the development and use of proper light infrastructure and light interventions for different workplace settings, especially for shift work conditions. Visual and Non-Visual Effects of Light: Working Environment and Well-Being presents the impact of lighting in the working environment on human health, well-being and visual performance. The physiological explanation of the visual and non-visual effects of light on humans which discusses the biological bases of image and non-image forming vision at the cellular level may be of particular interest to any professional in the field of medicine, physiology, and biology. It is one of the intentions of this book to put forward some recommendations and examples of lighting design which take into account both the visual and non-visual effects of light on humans. These may be of particular interest to any professional in the field of lighting, occupational safety and health, and interior design. "What effects on health can a light ‘overdose’ or light deficiency have? What is bad light? The authors of the monograph provide answers to these questions. Just as for a physicist, the dual nature of light comprises an electromagnetic wave and a photon, the duality of light for a physician comprises visual and non-visual effects." --------------------------------------------------------Prof Jacek Przybylski, Medical University of Warsaw "This is a unique publication in the field of lighting technology. The authors have skillfully combined both the technical and biomedical aspects involved, which is unprecedented in the literature available. As a result, an important study has been created for many professional groups, with a significant impact on the assessment of risks associated with LED sources." --------------------------------------------Prof Andrzej Zając, Military University of Technology, Warsaw

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, which severely affects the quality of life and survival of patients. The latest data from the International Diabetes Federation showed that there are approximately 537 million diabetic patients globally in 2021, and it is expected to reach 783 million by 2045. The treatment regime of diabetic patients mainly refers to the management of blood glucose and its complications. At present, typical hypoglycemic medications include insulin and non-insulin hypoglycemic drugs, which can be subdivided into a-glucosidase inhibitors, metformin, thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, glinides, DPP-4i, GLP-1RA, and SGLT-2i. Diabetic patients with poor islet function usually require insulin replacement, but the majority of patients fail to meet ideal therapeutic targets with multiple hypoglycemic drug combinations (including insulin). Furthermore, poor glycemic control is closely associated with an increased risk of diabetes complications, consequently an increased rate of mortality. More recently, promising new drugs and therapies emerged, which have many other important benefits beyond glucose-lowering. In addition, some traditional Chinese medicine have gradually revealed their therapeutic advantages. All of them provide more choices for the treatment of diabetes patients.

Encyclopedia of Mental Health, Second Edition, Four Volume Set tackles the subject of mental health, arguably one of the biggest issues facing modern society. The book presents a comprehensive overview of the many genetic, neurological, social, and psychological factors that affect mental health, also describing the impact of mental health on the individual and society, and illustrating the factors that aid positive mental health. The book contains 245 peer-reviewed articles written by more than 250 expert authors and provides essential material on assessment, theories of personality, specific disorders, therapies, forensic issues, ethics, and cross-cultural and sociological aspects. Both professionals and libraries will find this timely work indispensable. Provides fully up-to-date descriptions of the neurological, social, genetic, and psychological factors that affect the individual and society Contains more than 240 articles written by domain experts in the field Written in an accessible style using terms that an educated layperson can understand Of interest to public as well as research libraries with coverage of many important topics, including marital health, divorce, couples therapy, fathers, child custody, day care and day care providers, extended families, and family therapy

This is an open access book. Culture is the spiritual activity and product of human society relative to economy and politics. The traditional concept of human beings believes that culture is a social phenomenon, a product created by human beings for a long time, and at the same time a historical phenomenon, which is the accumulation of human society and history. The technical, economical and cultural nature of art design determines that only with high social and economic development can art and culture flourish. Art design is the product of the combination of art and technology. Art design is also a kind of productivity, which promotes the development of social economy. As a driving factor for social and economic development, design art will also better serve the social economy with its own more perfect operating system. The 2nd International Conference on Culture, Design and Social Development (CDSD 2022) was held in Nanjing from December 2 to 4, 2022. The purpose of the conference is to provide an international platform for experts, scholars, engineers and technicians, and technical R&D personnel engaged in related fields such as "culture", "design" and "social development", to share scientific research results, broaden research ideas, collide with new ideas, and strengthen academic research, and to explore the key challenges and research directions faced by the development of this field, and promote the industrialization cooperation of academic achievements. Experts, scholars, business people and other relevant personnel from universities and research institutions at home and abroad are cordially invited to attend and exchange.

Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 5th Edition, by Meir H. Kryger, MD, FRCPC, Thomas Roth, PhD, and William C. Dement, MD, PhD, delivers the comprehensive, dependable guidance you need to effectively diagnose and manage even the most challenging sleep disorders. Updates to genetics and circadian rhythms, occupational health, sleep in older people, memory and sleep, physical examination of the patient, comorbid insomnias, and much more keep you current on the newest areas of the field. A greater emphasis on evidence-based approaches helps you make the most well-informed clinical decisions. And, a new more user-friendly, full-color format, both in print and online, lets you find the answers you need more quickly and easily. Whether you are preparing for the new sleep medicine fellowship examination, or simply want to offer your patients today's best care, this is the one resource to use! Make optimal use of the newest scientific discoveries and clinical approaches that are advancing the diagnosis and management of sleep disorders.