In the structure theory of real Lie groups, there is still information lacking about the exponential function. Most notably, there are no general necessary and sufficient conditions for the exponential function to be surjective. It is surprising that for subsemigroups of Lie groups, the question of the surjectivity of the exponential function can be answered. Under nature reductions setting aside the "group part" of the problem, subsemigroups of Lie groups with surjective exponential function are completely classified and explicitly constructed in this memoir. There are fewer than one would think and the proofs are harder than one would expect, requiring some innovative twists. The main protagonists on the scene are SL(2, R) and its universal covering group, almost abelian solvable Lie groups (ie. vector groups extended by homotheties), and compact Lie groups. This text will also be of interest to those working in algebra and algebraic geometry.

In the structure theory of real Lie groups, there is still information lacking about the exponential function. Most notably, there are no general necessary and sufficient conditions for the exponential function to be surjective. It is surprising that for subsemigroups of Lie groups, the question of the surjectivity of the exponential function can be answered. Under nature reductions setting aside the group part of the problem, subsemigroups of Lie groups with surjective exponential function are completely classified and explicitly constructed in this memoir. There are fewer than one would think and the proofs are harder than one would expect, requiring some innovative twists.

The aim of the series is to present new and important developments in pure and applied mathematics. Well established in the community over two decades, it offers a large library of mathematics including several important classics. The volumes supply thorough and detailed expositions of the methods and ideas essential to the topics in question. In addition, they convey their relationships to other parts of mathematics. The series is addressed to advanced readers wishing to thoroughly study the topic. Editorial Board Lev Birbrair, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil Walter D. Neumann, Columbia University, New York, USA Markus J. Pflaum, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Dierk Schleicher, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany Katrin Wendland, University of Freiburg, Germany Honorary Editor Victor P. Maslov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Titles in planning include Yuri A. Bahturin, Identical Relations in Lie Algebras (2019) Yakov G. Berkovich and Z. Janko, Groups of Prime Power Order, Volume 6 (2019) Yakov G. Berkovich, Lev G. Kazarin, and Emmanuel M. Zhmud', Characters of Finite Groups, Volume 2 (2019) Jorge Herbert Soares de Lira, Variational Problems for Hypersurfaces in Riemannian Manifolds (2019) Volker Mayer, Mariusz Urbański, and Anna Zdunik, Random and Conformal Dynamical Systems (2021) Ioannis Diamantis, Boštjan Gabrovšek, Sofia Lambropoulou, and Maciej Mroczkowski, Knot Theory of Lens Spaces (2021)

Lie groups were introduced in 1870 by the Norwegian mathematician Sophus Lie. A century later Jean Dieudonne quipped that Lie groups had moved to the center of mathematics and that one cannot undertake anything without them. If a complete topological group $G$ can be approximated by Lie groups in the sense that every identity neighborhood $U$ of $G$ contains a normal subgroup $N$ such that $G/N$ is a Lie group, then it is called a pro-Lie group. Every locally compact connected topological group and every compact group is a pro-Lie group. While the class of locally compact groups is not closed under the formation of arbitrary products, the class of pro-Lie groups is. For half a century, locally compact pro-Lie groups have drifted through the literature, yet this is the first book which systematically treats the Lie and structure theory of pro-Lie groups irrespective of local compactness. This study fits very well into the current trend which addresses infinite-dimensional Lie groups. The results of this text are based on a theory of pro-Lie algebras which parallels the structure theory of finite-dimensional real Lie algebras to an astonishing degree, even though it has had to overcome greater technical obstacles. This book exposes a Lie theory of connected pro-Lie groups (and hence of connected locally compact groups) and illuminates the manifold ways in which their structure theory reduces to that of compact groups on the one hand and of finite-dimensional Lie groups on the other. It is a continuation of the authors' fundamental monograph on the structure of compact groups (1998, 2006) and is an invaluable tool for researchers in topological groups, Lie theory, harmonic analysis, and representation theory. It is written to be accessible to advanced graduate students wishing to study this fascinating and important area of current research, which has so many fruitful interactions with other fields of mathematics.

This book is designed both as a textbook for high-level graduate courses and as a reference for researchers who need to apply the structure and representation theory of compact groups. A gentle introduction to compact groups and their representation theory is followed by self-contained courses on linear and compact Lie groups, and on locally compact abelian groups. This fourth edition was updated with the latest developments in the field.

This authoritative book on periodic locally compact groups is divided into three parts: The first part covers the necessary background material on locally compact groups including the Chabauty topology on the space of closed subgroups of a locally compact group, its Sylow theory, and the introduction, classifi cation and use of inductively monothetic groups. The second part develops a general structure theory of locally compact near abelian groups, pointing out some of its connections with number theory and graph theory and illustrating it by a large exhibit of examples. Finally, the third part uses this theory for a complete, enlarged and novel presentation of Mukhin’s pioneering work generalizing to locally compact groups Iwasawa’s early investigations of the lattice of subgroups of abstract groups. Contents Part I: Background information on locally compact groups Locally compact spaces and groups Periodic locally compact groups and their Sylow theory Abelian periodic groups Scalar automorphisms and the mastergraph Inductively monothetic groups Part II: Near abelian groups The definition of near abelian groups Important consequences of the definitions Trivial near abelian groups The class of near abelian groups The Sylow structure of periodic nontrivial near abelian groups and their prime graphs A list of examples Part III: Applications Classifying topologically quasihamiltonian groups Locally compact groups with a modular subgroup lattice Strongly topologically quasihamiltonian groups

Diagram groups are groups consisting of spherical diagrams (pictures) over monoid presentations. They can be also defined as fundamental groups of the Squier complexes associated with monoid presentations. The authors show that the class of diagram groups contains some well-known groups, such as the R. Thompson group F. This class is closed under free products, finite direct products, and some other group-theoretical operations. The authors develop combinatorics on diagrams similar to the combinatorics on words. This helps in finding some structure and algorithmic properties of diagram groups. Some of these properties are new even for R. Thompson's group F. In particular, the authors describe the centralizers of elements in F, prove that it has solvable conjugacy problems, etc.