The unification of Italy in 1861 launched a new European nation promising to fulfill the dreams of Italians, yet millions of poor peasants still found themselves in economic desperation. By 1872, an army of speculators had invaded the countryside, hawking steamship tickets and promising fabulous riches in America. Thousands of immigrants fled to the New World, only to be abandoned upon arrival and forced to find work in hard labor. New York placed victims of deception at the State Emigrant Refuge on Ward's Island as the secretary of state and the Italian prime minister sought to intervene. Through steel-eyed determination, many surmounted their status and became leaders in business and culture. Authors Joe Tucciarone and Ben Lariccia follow the early stages of mass Italian immigration and the fraudulent circumstances that brought them to New York Harbor.

Managing Migration in Italy and the United States shows how the development of gatekeeping in the United States and Italy laid the groundwork for immigration restriction worldwide at the turn of the twentieth century. The volume brings together European and American scholars, many for the first time, effectively crossing national and disciplinary boundaries. Using archives on both sides of the Atlantic, the authors explore the rise of immigration restriction and the attendant growth of the bureaucracy to regulate migration through the lens of migration studies, transnational history, and diplomatic and international history. The essays contribute to recent scholarship on the global repercussions of immigration restriction and the complex web of interactions created by limits on mobility. Managing Migration brings to light Italy’s important role in the establishment of international border controls promoted by the United States and expands the chronology of restriction from its origins to the present.